Introduction to Bayesian Computation

Albert, Jim

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92298-0_5

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…An interaction term (between trial arm and either year or days since prior therapy) was included in the matrix of covariates, allowing for different trends between the 2 trial arms. Inference was performed within a Bayesian framework, using Zellner’s g prior [20] to model the joint a priori distribution over the regression parameters. The matrix of covariates was considered nonstochastic.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artemether-Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Exert Inverse Selective Pressure on Plasmodium Falciparum Drug Sensitivity-Associated Haplotypes in Uganda

Taylor

Flegg

Holmes

et al. 2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background.Altered sensitivity to multiple antimalarial drugs is mediated by polymorphisms in pfmdr1, which encodes the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance transporter. In Africa the N86Y and D1246Y polymorphisms have been shown to be selected by treatment, with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) selecting for wild-type and mutant alleles, respectively. However, there has been little study of pfmdr1 haplotypes, in part because haplotype analyses are complicated by multiclonal infections.Methods.We fit a haplotype frequency estimation model, which accounts for multiclonal infections, to the polymorphic pfmdr1 N86Y, Y184F, and D1246Y alleles in samples from a longitudinal trial comparing AL and DP to treat uncomplicated P falciparum malaria in Tororo, Uganda from 2007 to 2012. We regressed estimates onto covariates of trial arm and selective drug pressure.Results.Yearly trends showed increasing frequency estimates for haplotypes with wild type pfmdr1 N86 and D1246 alleles and decreasing frequency estimates for haplotypes with the mutant pfmdr1 86Y allele. Considering days since prior therapy, we saw evidence suggestive of selection by AL for haplotypes with N86 combined with 184F, D1246, or both, and against all haplotypes with 86Y, and evidence suggestive of selection by DP for 86Y only whencombined with Y184 and 1246Y (haplotype YYY) and against haplotypes NFD and NYY.Conclusions.Based on our model, AL selected several haplotypes containing N86, whereas DP selection was haplotype specific, demonstrating the importance of haplotype analyses. Inverse selective pressure of AL and DP on the complementary haplotypes NFD and YYY suggests that rotating artemisinin-based antimalarial combination regimens may be the best treatment option to prevent resistance selection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artemether-Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Exert Inverse Selective Pressure on Plasmodium Falciparum Drug Sensitivity-Associated Haplotypes in Uganda

Taylor

Flegg

Holmes

et al. 2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…Heads and tails stand for obtaining a true and a spurious (short-time or local [8]) LYAPUNOV exponent, respectively. The probability of being a true LYAPUNOV exponent ( ) is related to the number of successes using a beta-binomial model [45] together with the 99 percent credible intervals as the highest density regions (HDR) [33,45]. 2 The beta-binomial distributions are numerically approximated by generating 200,000 random numbers with parameters α and β.…”

Section: Probability Calculation ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A statistical approach to estimate the Lyapunov spectrum in disc brake squeal

Oberst

Lai

2015

Journal of Sound and Vibration

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“…For a changepoint problem, we are interested in estimating the time point in which a change occurred in a time series, conditioned on the data we have observed (Albert [2008]). We assume that at some critical ‘changepoint’, t = τ, during our 10 years of observation, the rate of school-travel pediatric pedestrian crashes changed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and effect of a safe routes to school program on child pedestrian injury risk during school travel hours: Bayesian changepoint and difference-in-differences analysis

DiMaggio

Chen²,

2014

Inj. Epidemiol.

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BackgroundIn 2005, the US Congress allocated $612 million for a national Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program to encourage walking and bicycling to schools. We evaluated the effectiveness of a SRTS in controlling pedestrian injuries among school-age children.MethodsBayesian changepoint analysis was applied to model the quarterly counts of pedestrian injuries among 5- to 19-year old children in New York City between 2001 and 2010 during school-travel hours in census tracts with and without SRTS. Overdispersed Poisson model was used to estimate difference-in-differences in injury risk between census tracts with and without SRTS following the changepoint.ResultsIn SRTS-intervention census tracts, a change point in the quarterly counts of injuries was identified in the second quarter of 2008, which was consistent with the timing of the implementation of SRTS interventions. In census tracts with SRTS interventions, the estimated quarterly rates of pedestrian injury per 10,000 population among school-age children during school-travel hours were 3.47 (95% Credible Interval [CrI] 2.67, 4.39) prior to the changepoint, and 0.74 (95% CrI 0.30, 1.50) after the changepoint. There was no change in the average number of quarterly injuries in non-SRTS census tracts. Overdispersed Poisson modeling revealed that SRTS implementation was associated with a 44% reduction (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 87% decrease to 130% increase) in school-age pedestrian injury risk during school-travel hours.ConclusionsBayesian changepoint analysis of quarterly counts of school-age pedestrian injuries successfully identified the timing of SRTS intervention in New York City. Implementation of the SRTS program in New York City appears to be effective in reducing school-age pedestrian injuries during school-travel hours.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40621-014-0017-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Introduction to Bayesian Computation

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Artemether-Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Exert Inverse Selective Pressure on Plasmodium Falciparum Drug Sensitivity-Associated Haplotypes in Uganda

Artemether-Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Exert Inverse Selective Pressure on Plasmodium Falciparum Drug Sensitivity-Associated Haplotypes in Uganda

A statistical approach to estimate the Lyapunov spectrum in disc brake squeal

Timing and effect of a safe routes to school program on child pedestrian injury risk during school travel hours: Bayesian changepoint and difference-in-differences analysis

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