Introduction to Bio-based Polyols and Polyurethanes

Li, Yebo; Luo, Xubiao; Hu, Shengjun

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21539-6_1

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Over the past decade, research in academia and the chemical industry has been directed toward the development of new biobased polyols for PU. − The global market for polyols was US$26 billion in 2019, and some estimates suggest reaching US$34 billion by 2024 because of the continuously growing demand for PUs . Different renewable sources have been explored for the preparation of biobased polyols including vegetable oils, microalgae, lignocellulose such as wood or annual crops, and polysaccharides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Lab to Market: Current Strategies for the Production of Biobased Polyols

Sardón

Mecerreyes

Basterretxea

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

122

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The global market for polyols was US$26.2 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow up to US$34.4 billion by 2024. Polyols are most commonly employed as the main component in the synthesis of polyurethanes, which is the sixth most important polymer family produced with a global production that reached around 22 Mt in 2019. In the interest of improving the sustainability of the polyurethane industry, for more than a decade the market has undergone a shift toward biobased polyols made from renewable resources. For this reason, the demand of biobased polyols has grown rapidly and offers new opportunities to valorize biomass into technical grade polyols for the polyurethane industry. This Perspective aims to summarize current strategies to produce polyols from biomass and the problems associated with their market implementation. Different natural resources, including lignocellulose, lipids, or carbohydrates for the synthesis of biobased polyester- or polyether-based polyols and polyphenols will be reviewed. Subsequently, the gaps that are currently preventing the transition from academic laboratories to industrial plants will be commented upon, highlighting in particular the use of nonscalable chemical transformations and the lack of competitive biobased raw material suppliers. Finally, a case study of the issues associated with the scale-up process of novel biobased polyols will be discussed in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Lab to Market: Current Strategies for the Production of Biobased Polyols

Sardón

Mecerreyes

Basterretxea

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

122

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“…Typical examples are phenolic and epoxy resins, polyurethanes, unsaturated polyesters, or silicone rubbers [3]. However, the main source for these polymers is petrochemical feedstock and only very few attempts at a partial substitution by renewable materials, such as epoxidised castor and soybean oils [4], or bio-based polyols [5], have received wider attention. On the other hand, the growing environmental awareness and recent governmental regulations have increased the pressure on industry and academia to focus more on renewable and sustainable materials, closed material cycles, and materials with low or, ideally, zero carbon footprints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Frothing Effect of Poultry Feathers in Bio-Based, Polycondensation-Type Thermoset Composites

Brenner¹,

Popescu

Weichold³

2020

Applied Sciences

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The formation of polycondensation-type thermoset resins from natural reactants such as citric and glutaric acid, as well as 1,3-propanediol and glycerol, was studied. Monitoring the mass loss by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) allowed the rate constants of the esterification to be calculated, which were in the order of 7·10−5 s−1 for glutaric acid and approximately twice as high for citric acid. However, the combination citric acid/glycerol was previously reported to froth up at high conversions, giving rise to foams, which makes the preparation of compact engineering composites challenging. In light of this, we observed that shredded poultry feathers not only increased the conversion and the reaction rate of the combination citric acid/glycerol, but increasing the amount of feathers continuously decreased the number of visible bubbles. The addition of 20 wt% of feathers completely prevented the previously reported frothing and gave rise to compact materials that were macroscopically free of defects. Besides this, the addition of feathers also improved the fire-retardant properties. The tensile properties of the first specimens are still rather low (σ = 11.6 N/mm2, E = 750 N/mm2), but the addition of poultry feathers opens a new path for green thermoset resins.

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“…With increasing concerns about global climate change and shortage of fossil fuel resources, polymers derived from renewable resources are ideal sustainable alternatives for providing green polymeric materials, which can degrade after their service life [ 5 ]. Over the last two decades, attempts have been made to develop PU adhesives from natural resources, e.g., vegetable oils, lignin, starch, and polyols from the liquefaction process of lignocellulosic materials [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Table 1 presents the chronological evolution of research on the development of bio-based polyurethane adhesives including the development of synthesis technology and uses of natural resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Polyurethane Adhesives from Crude and Purified Liquefied Wood Sawdust

et al. 2021

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Polyurethane (PU) adhesives were prepared with bio-polyols obtained via acid-catalyzed polyhydric alcohol liquefaction of wood sawdust and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). Two polyols, i.e., crude and purified liquefied wood (CLW and PLW), were obtained from the liquefaction process with a high yield of 99.7%. PU adhesives, namely CLWPU and PLWPU, were then prepared by reaction of CLW or PLW with pMDI at various isocyanate to hydroxyl group (NCO:OH) molar ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the bio-polyols and the cured PU adhesives were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Performance of the adhesives was evaluated by single-lap joint shear tests according to EN 302-1:2003, and by adhesive penetration. The highest shear strength was found at the NCO:OH molar ratio of 1.5:1 as 4.82 ± 1.01 N/mm2 and 4.80 ± 0.49 N/mm2 for CLWPU and PLWPU, respectively. The chemical structure and thermal properties of the cured CLWPLW and PLWPU adhesives were considerably influenced by the NCO:OH molar ratio.

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Introduction to Bio-based Polyols and Polyurethanes

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

From Lab to Market: Current Strategies for the Production of Biobased Polyols

From Lab to Market: Current Strategies for the Production of Biobased Polyols

Anti-Frothing Effect of Poultry Feathers in Bio-Based, Polycondensation-Type Thermoset Composites

Preparation of Polyurethane Adhesives from Crude and Purified Liquefied Wood Sawdust

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