Introduction to bone grafting

Blitch, Edwin L.; Ricotta, Patrick J.

doi:10.1016/s1067-2516(96)80067-6

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Scaffolds can also appear as FGMs. Bone grafts are also proposed as non-hardening injectable CaPs and as pastes [840]. These generally consist of a mixture of CaP powder, particles or granules, and a highly viscous hydrogel [347].…”

Section: Clinical and Industrial Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications

2017

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Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are widely used in the field of bone regeneration, both in orthopedics and in dentistry, due to their good biocompatibility, osseointegration and osteoconduction. The aim of this article is to review the history, structure, properties and clinical applications of these materials, whether they are in the form of bone cements, paste, scaffolds, or coatings. Major analytical techniques for characterization of CaPs, in vitro and in vivo tests, and the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and international standards from CaP coatings on orthopedic and dental endosseous implants, are also summarized, along with the possible effect of sterilization on these materials. CaP coating technologies are summarized, with a focus on electrochemical processes. Theories on the formation of transient precursor phases in biomineralization, the dissolution and reprecipitation as bone of CaPs are discussed. A wide variety of CaPs are presented, from the individual phases to nano-CaP, biphasic and triphasic CaP formulations, composite CaP coatings and cements, functionally graded materials (FGMs), and antibacterial CaPs. We conclude by foreseeing the future of CaPs.

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Section: Clinical and Industrial Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications

2017

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“…The use of natural tissue grafts to repair injuries, particularly bone-related injuries, have been documented for many years. 1,2 Over time, the strategies employed to treat these injuries have made tremendous advancements, with the most notable of these stemming from the use of "smart" biomaterials that mimic the physiochemical properties of natural bone tissue as a basis for scaffolding composites. 3,4 Although there have been significant developments for new repair strategies, many large bone defects will often result in nonunions, which remains a great clinical concern today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐Printed conductive polymeric scaffolds with direct current electrical stimulation for enhanced bone regeneration

Dixon

Gomillion

2023

J Biomed Mater Res

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Various methods have been used to treat bone defects caused by genetic disorders, injury, or disease. Yet, there is still great need to develop alternative approaches to repair damaged bone tissue. Bones naturally exhibit piezoelectric potential, or the ability to convert mechanical stresses into electrical impulses. This phenomenon has been utilized clinically to enhance bone regeneration in conjunction with electrical stimulation (ES) therapies; however, oftentimes with critical‐sized bone defects, the bioelectric potential at the site of injury is compromised, resulting in less desirable outcomes. In the present study, the potential of a 3D‐printed conductive polymer blend to enhance bone formation through restoration of the bioelectrical microenvironment was evaluated. A commercially available 3D printer was used to create circular, thin‐film scaffolds consisting of either polylactide (PLA) or a conductive PLA (CPLA) composite. Preosteoblast cells were seeded onto the scaffolds and subjected to direct current ES via a purpose‐built cell culture chamber. It was found that CPLA scaffolds had no adverse effects on cell viability, proliferation or differentiation when compared with control scaffolds. The addition of ES, however, resulted in a significant increase in the expression of osteocalcin, a protein indicative of osteoblast maturation, after 14 days of culture. Furthermore, xylenol orange staining also showed the presence of increased mineralized calcium nodules in cultures undergoing stimulation. This study demonstrates the potential for low‐cost, conductive scaffolding materials to support cell viability and enhance in vitro mineralization in conjunction with ES.

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“…Bone grafting is a well-established surgical practice in which osseous defects created by trauma, tumor resection, or arthroplasty are filled using donor-harvested bone or by using other synthetic alternatives [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Autografts, sections of bone harvested from the patient’s iliac crest, are considered the gold standard of bone grafts due to their osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antibiotic-Releasing Triphasic Bone Void Filler In-Vitro

Harris

Ahmed

Pace

et al. 2018

JFB

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Bone void fillers (BVFs) containing calcium sulfate, tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and hydroxyapatite can be loaded with antibiotics for infection treatment or prevention under surgeon-directed use. The aim of this study was to characterize the handling and elution properties of a triphasic BVF loaded with common antibiotics. BVF was mixed with vancomycin and/or tobramycin to form pellets, and the set time was recorded. A partial refreshment elution study was conducted with time points at 4, 8, and 24 h, as well as 2, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. Effects on dissolution were evaluated in a 14-day dissolution study. Set time increased to over 1 h for groups containing tobramycin, although vancomycin had a minimal effect. Pellets continued to elute antibiotics throughout the 42-day elution study, suggesting efficacy for the treatment or prevention of orthopedic infections. BVF containing vancomycin or tobramycin showed similar dissolution at 14 days compared to BVF without antibiotics; however, BVF containing both antibiotics showed significantly more dissolution.

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Introduction to bone grafting

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications

Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications

3D‐Printed conductive polymeric scaffolds with direct current electrical stimulation for enhanced bone regeneration

Evaluation of Antibiotic-Releasing Triphasic Bone Void Filler In-Vitro

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