Introduction to Eye Tracking

Schall, Andrew; Bergstrom, Jennifer Romano

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-408138-3.00001-7

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, eye trackers are not able to capture peripheral vision data. Although our peripheral vision is in low resolution, that still accounts for part of our visual input [ 11 ]. Similarly, orphan fixation can happen when the user is making some unintentional fixation or when the user looks at an area, but attention is somewhere else [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eye-tracking technology has been used to measure cognitive processes since the 1970s [ 10 ]. However, it has not been widely used for research purposes until recently, when the reduced cost of the equipment and user-friendly analysis tools made eye-tracking technology more readily available to researchers [ 11 ]. Eye-tracking technology is promising in HIT usability research because of the close relation between visual stimuli and attentional mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Eye Trackers for Usability Evaluation of Health Information Technology: A Systematic Literature Review

Asan¹,

Yang²

2015

JMIR Human Factors

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BackgroundEye-tracking technology has been used to measure human cognitive processes and has the potential to improve the usability of health information technology (HIT). However, it is still unclear how the eye-tracking method can be integrated with other traditional usability methodologies to achieve its full potential.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to report on HIT evaluation studies that have used eye-tracker technology, and to envision the potential use of eye-tracking technology in future research.MethodsWe used four reference databases to initially identify 5248 related papers, which resulted in only 9 articles that met our inclusion criteria.ResultsEye-tracking technology was useful in finding usability problems in many ways, but is still in its infancy for HIT usability evaluation. Limited types of HITs have been evaluated by eye trackers, and there has been a lack of evaluation research in natural settings.ConclusionsMore research should be done in natural settings to discover the real contextual-based usability problems of clinical and mobile HITs using eye-tracking technology with more standardized methodologies and guidance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Eye Trackers for Usability Evaluation of Health Information Technology: A Systematic Literature Review

Asan¹,

Yang²

2015

JMIR Human Factors

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“…A commonly used metric, Total Fixation Duration is defined in this study as total time (in seconds) fixated on the source Areas of Interest (AOI) of a post Schall and Bergstrom, 2014). AOIs were created to capture the attention spent in a specific area (e.g., source) of the Facebook post.…”

Section: Eye-tracking Measurementioning

confidence: 99%

“Well, the Message Is From the Institute of Something”: Exploring Source Trust of Cancer-Related Messages on Simulated Facebook Posts

et al. 2020

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Growing evidence points to the significant amount of health misinformation on social media platforms, requiring users to assess the believability of messages and trustworthiness of message sources. This mixed methods experimental study fills this gap in research by examining social media users' (n = 53) trust assessment of simulated cancer-related messages using eye-tracking, surveys, and cognitive interviews. Posts varied by information veracity (evidence-based vs. non-evidence-based) and source type (government agency, health organization, lay individual); topics included HPV vaccination and sun safety. Among sources, participants reported trusting the government more than individuals, regardless of veracity. When viewing non-evidence-based messages, participants reported higher trust in health organizations than individuals. Participants with high trust in message source tended to report high message believability. Furthermore, attention (measured by total fixation duration) spent on viewing the source of the post was not associated with the amount of trust in the source of message, which suggests that participants may have utilized other cognitive heuristics when processing the posts. Through post-experiment interviews, participants described higher trust in government due to reputation and familiarity. Further verification of the quality of information is needed to combat the spread of misinformation on Facebook. Future research should consider messaging strategies that include sources that are already trusted and begin to build trust among other credible sources.

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“…Two standard measures used in the eye-tracking methodology are fixation and saccade [23]. Fixation refers to the static position of an eye on a specific area being viewed while saccades are quick movements of eyes from one fixation to another in a sequence [49]. Three derivative variables in eyetracking are the position of fixation, fixation duration and saccade length [26].…”

Section: Eye-tracking Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

In the Eyes of Young Children: A Study on Focused Attention to Digital Educational Games

Nizam

Law

2018

Electronic Workshops in Computing

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Numerous research studies on digital educational games (DEGs) focused on whether they help improve children's learning performance. Nonetheless, only a few studies sought to address how children learn through DEGs. We were motivated to bridge this gap through an empirical study with the eye-tracking methodology. A total of 94 five-year-olds were involved in the study. They were asked to play with a DEG or cardboard game on numeracy. We analysed how fixation duration (a proxy for attention) was related to learning strategies based on the children's achievement level. The main findings include: the DEG did not yield any significant learning effect but its cardboard version did; the children's performance for recall-based tasks were significantly worse than that for recognition-based task; the achievement level played a significant role in varying attention given to the objects of the games. Reflections on applying the eye-tracking methods to young children were also discussed.

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Introduction to Eye Tracking

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Using Eye Trackers for Usability Evaluation of Health Information Technology: A Systematic Literature Review

Using Eye Trackers for Usability Evaluation of Health Information Technology: A Systematic Literature Review

“Well, the Message Is From the Institute of Something”: Exploring Source Trust of Cancer-Related Messages on Simulated Facebook Posts

In the Eyes of Young Children: A Study on Focused Attention to Digital Educational Games

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