Introduction to Fatigue of Plastics and Elastomers

McKeen, Laurence W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-44201-5.00001-0

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…On the other hand, PA11 is a bio-based polyamide synthesized from renewable resources such as castor oil that, compared to oil-based PA12, has a lower carbon footprint [ 6 , 36 ]. The progressive demand for this polyamide is not only due to its biocompatibility but also because of its high impact strength, high fatigue resistance [ 37 ], low moisture absorption [ 38 ], close-molding tolerance and excellent chemical and aging resistance [ 39 ]. PA11 is a semicrystalline polyamide with six different reported crystalline phases, including α, α’, δ, δ’, γ and β [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties

2021

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Chemically speaking, polyamide 11 (PA11) and polyamide 12 (PA12) have a similar backbone, differing only in one carbon. From an origin point of view, PA11 is considered a bioplastic polyamide composed from renewable resources, compared to oil-based PA12. Each of them has a number of advantages over the other, which makes their selection a challenging issue. Depending on the target application, diverse assessments and comparisons are needed to fulfill this mission. The current study addresses this research gap to characterize and compare PA11 and PA12 manufactured by the hot press technique in terms of their mechanical, thermal and durability properties for the first time, demonstrating their potential for future works as matrices in composite materials. In this regard, different characterization techniques are applied to the hot-pressed polymer sheets, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical performance of the PA11 and PA12 sheets is compared based on tensile tests and shore hardness measurement. The durability behavior of these two polyamides is evaluated in water and relative humidity conditions at different aging times. The experimental results show the ductile behavior of PA12 with respect to the quasi-brittle PA11. Both have a relatively small water and moisture gain: 1.5 wt% and 0.8 wt%, respectively. The higher crystallinity of PA12 (2.1 times more than PA11) with γ-phase is one of the leading parameters to achieve better mechanical and durability properties. The FTIR spectra displayed slight acid hydrolysis. Accordingly, absorbed water or moisture does not cause plasticization; thus, neither hardness nor dimension changes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties

2021

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“…Tribology can be defined as a science of surfaces in contact with each other and consists of friction, lubricant and wear [ 142 ]. Considering the interaction between working fluid and impeller, investigation of wear resistance and friction can play an important role in the efficiency of the machine.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Polymeric and Polymer Composites Impeller Fabrication

et al. 2021

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Impellers are referred to as a core component of turbomachinery. The use of impellers in various applications is considered an integral part of the industry. So, increased performance and the optimization of impellers have been the center of attention of a lot of studies. In this regard, studies have been focused on the improvement of the efficiency of rotary machines through aerodynamic optimization, using high-performance materials and suitable manufacturing processes. As such, the use of polymers and polymer composites due to their lower weight when compared to metals has been the focus of studies. On the other hand, methods of the manufacturing process for polymer and polymer composite impellers such as conventional impeller manufacturing, injection molding and additive manufacturing can offer higher economic efficiency than similar metal parts. In this study, polymeric and polymer composites impellers are discussed and conclusions are drawn according to the manufacturing methods. Studies have shown promising results for the replacement of polymers and polymer composites instead of metals with respect to a suitable temperature range. In general, polymers showed a good ability to fabricate the impellers, however in more difficult working conditions considering the need for a substance with higher physical and mechanical properties necessitates the use of composite polymers. However, in some applications, the use of these materials needs further research and development.

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“…Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer was obtained from (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Hydrophilic nanosilica of 7 nm diameter (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as a thixotropic agent and anticorrosive material [11,12]. Nanoclay Halloysite nanotubules (HNTs) were purchased from (Aldrich), with an average tube diameter of 50 nm and inner lumen diameter of 15 nm [13].…”

Section: Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability and Mechanical Performance of PMMA/Stone Sludge Nanocomposites for Acrylic Solid Surface Applications

2017

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Acrylic solid surface sheets were prepared by mixing different kinds of stone sludge fillers (SSF) in Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites. PMMA nanocomposite syrups were made using free radical polymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA), then two kinds of nanofillers were added, namely, hydrophilic nanosilica and clay Halloysite nanotubules (HNTs). Acrylic solid surface sheets were manufactured by mixing the syrups with SSFs. The morphology of the produced sheets was studied using optical, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) that revealed the uniform distribution of stone sludge in the polymeric matrix. The study of the physical properties showed promising mechanical performance and durability of PMMA/SSF nanocomposites for acrylic solid surface applications.

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Introduction to Fatigue of Plastics and Elastomers

Cited by 39 publications

References 6 publications

Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties

Comparative Characterization of Hot-Pressed Polyamide 11 and 12: Mechanical, Thermal and Durability Properties

Toward Polymeric and Polymer Composites Impeller Fabrication

Durability and Mechanical Performance of PMMA/Stone Sludge Nanocomposites for Acrylic Solid Surface Applications

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