The sustainable development of the paint and varnish industry is a prerequisite for action to minimize the negative environmental impact of paint products. They consist not only in reducing the emission of harmful VOC substances into the atmosphere but also in modifying the composition of the paint material in order to improve the properties of the coatings and at the same time reduce the amount of waste. Selection of the appropriate composition of the water-borne composition is still a problem to be solved. Therefore, aqueous polymer dispersions of Arlberdingk AC 2514 containing an acrylic resin modified with an ionic liquid of didecyldimethylammonium nitrate (DDANO3) were tested. Non-ionic surfactants (Rokanol L-10 and Rokacet S-24), polyurethane thickener (DSX 1514), and mineral thickener (bentonite) were also used for stabilization. The influence of individual components on changes in the stability and particle size of dispersion systems was investigated. Physicomechanical tests of coatings obtained from polymer dispersion systems were also performed. Studies have shown that with the increase in the amount of DDANO3 in the system, the particle size of the varnish composition decreases and the gloss and relative hardness of the coatings decrease. The optimal amount of DDANO3 in the dispersion is 1.5% w/w. DSX 1514 increased the stability, reduced the migration rate of the dispersion particles, and improved the elasticity and impact resistance of the protective membranes. It has been shown that the stability varies depending on the type of thickener and surfactant (SAA) used. SAA increases the value of the TSI (Turbiscan Stability Index), which takes the values of 3.8 (0.3 g bentonite) and 3.6 (0.6 g bentonite), respectively, with Rokanol L-10 16% w/w. Water-soluble acrylic resin with the tested additives can be potentially used for the production of stable dispersions with extended life.
