Introduction to Membrane Processes for Water Treatment

Singh, Rajindar; Hankins, Nicholas P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63312-5.00002-4

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Membrane filtration is a separation process through size exclusion. Certain components pass through a thin and semipermeable membrane, while others presenting greater sizes than the membrane pore sizes are rejected (Crittenden et al, 2012;Singh and Hankins, 2016). The driving force in pressure-driven membrane filtration is the pressure difference between feed side and permeate side, also called the transmembrane pressure (TMP).…”

Section: Membrane Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct membrane filtration for wastewater treatment and resource recovery: A review

Hube

Eskafi

Hrafnkelsdóttir

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

450

110

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Direct membrane filtration (DMF) of municipal wastewater offers an alternative solution for centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment in Iceland. The efficiency of biologicalbased wastewater treatment is restricted in Iceland, due to low temperatures and high wastewater inflow rates with extremely low concentration of organics. This study aims to investigate membrane fouling mechanisms and mitigation approaches during DMF of municipal wastewater. The DMF experiments were performed using a crossflow flat sheet membrane filtration cell integrated with an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system. The effects of membrane material, operation conditions and cleaning protocol on DMF performance and foulant composition were examined. The threshold flux testing results indicated that a PVDF membrane (0.08 μm) was suitable for DMF of wastewater. Increasing crossflow velocity, physical flushing frequency and flushing water temperature contributed greatly to mitigate fouling. During a continuous DMF process, reversible fouling was predominant, while during intermittent DMF with periodical physical cleaning, irreversible/ irremovable fouling was dominant. A possible shift of tightly attached cake layer to irreversible/ irremovable fouling was revealed by the direct observation of fouling via OCT. The foulants autopsy indicated that a combination of organic and inorganic foulants was attributed to membrane fouling, instead of biological fouling. Under the optimized filtration condition, sustainable long-term DMF operation (~230 h) was achieved by employing a combination of periodical physical flushing with chemical-enhanced flushing. The water quality analysis showed that the DMF process could efficiently remove solids and greater-sized soluble organics, allowing the treated water to meet wastewater discharge standards.

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Section: Membrane Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct membrane filtration for wastewater treatment and resource recovery: A review

Hube

Eskafi

Hrafnkelsdóttir

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

450

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Our previous investigation of PW treatment with different ceramic MF, UF and NF membranes [22,23,[34][35][36][37] revealed that membrane fouling is a major challenge, causing a significant decline in permeate flux and in some cases reducing oil retention efficiency. Membrane fouling phenomena must therefore be understood in order to control membrane-based filtration processes [57][58][59]. TMP and CFV are critical operational parameters for MF and UF membranes, so we investigated the effect of different TMPs and CFVs on membrane fouling.…”

Section: Characterization Of Membrane Performance-effects Of Operatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Optical-Sensing Technology for the Online Fouling Characterization of Silicon Carbide Membranes during the Treatment of Oily Water

Ebrahimi

Schmidt²,

Kaplan

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The oil and gas industry generates a large volume of contaminated water (produced water) which must be processed to recover oil before discharge. Here, we evaluated the performance and fouling behavior of commercial ceramic silicon carbide membranes in the treatment of oily wastewaters. In this context, microfiltration and ultrafiltration ceramic membranes were used for the separation of oil during the treatment of tank dewatering produced water and oily model solutions, respectively. We also tested a new online oil-in-water sensor (OMD-32) based on the principle of light scattering for the continuous measurement of oil concentrations in order to optimize the main filtration process parameters that determine membrane performance: the transmembrane pressure and cross-flow velocity. Using the OMD-32 sensor, the oil content of the feed, concentrate and permeate streams was measured continuously and fell within the range 0.0–200 parts per million (ppm) with a resolution of 1.0 ppm. The ceramic membranes achieved an oil-recovery efficiency of up to 98% with less than 1.0 ppm residual oil in the permeate stream, meeting environmental regulations for discharge in most areas.

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“…Also, it should be noted that the first recorded research on membrane phenomenon appears to be done by French Abbe Nollet in 1748, and Fick is the first to synthesize membrane from nitrocellulose (organic). The first membrane filters were commercialized in 1927 by the Sartorius Company [17].…”

Section: Development Of Ceramic Membranes (Cms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alumina Membranes for Desalination and Water Treatment

Younssi¹,

Breida²,

Achiou³

2018

Desalination and Water Treatment

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in utilizing inorganic membranes, particularly alumina (Al 2 O 3) ceramic membranes (CMs), and to address a variety of separation problems in miscellaneous industry. Al 2 O 3 membranes are commercially predominant in CMs market. Al 2 O 3 material is generally used either as membrane support and/or as membrane layer due to advantages provided by this material and its derivatives such as availability in tonnage quantities, chemical inertness, good hardness, and thermal stability of the porous texture during elaboration steps. In this chapter, we comprehensibly look at the recent studies related to desalination and water treatment by ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) Al 2 O 3 membrane, and highlight the separation properties of the membrane in specific environmental pollution. The influences of membrane operating conditions and water quality on the rejection of pollutant by Al 2 O 3 membrane are reported through a series of bench-level experiments.

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Introduction to Membrane Processes for Water Treatment

Cited by 50 publications

References 20 publications

Direct membrane filtration for wastewater treatment and resource recovery: A review

Direct membrane filtration for wastewater treatment and resource recovery: A review

Innovative Optical-Sensing Technology for the Online Fouling Characterization of Silicon Carbide Membranes during the Treatment of Oily Water

Alumina Membranes for Desalination and Water Treatment

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