Introduction to Nonequilibrium Phenomena

Kinoshita, Shūichi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397014-5.00001-8

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(69 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…When the layer thickness decreases while the other parameters are kept constant, the optical path difference is reduced and constructive interference occurs for shorter wavelengths. In addition, maximum reflectivity and the bandwidth strongly depend on the refractive index difference between the layers (Kinoshita, 2013). With a large refractive index difference, the reflection spectrum shows broad reflection bands with a high reflectivity, whereas with a small difference the peaks are narrow with a low reflectivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour change with longitudinal compression supports hypothesis of multilayer interference as cause for meat iridescence

Ruedt

Gibis

Barbut

et al. 2020

Int J of Food Sci Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mechanism of iridescence in meat and meat products is still not fully understood but a widely accepted hypothesis is that it originates from a multilayer interference from sarcomere discs. In multilayer interference, the reflected wavelength is affected by the refraction angles, the thicknesses and refractive indices of the intermittent layers. A variation of these factors should therefore cause a disappearance or shift of iridescent colours. To test this hypothesis, we progressively compressed iridescent rolled fillets of ham longitudinal to the long axes of the muscle fibres and measured the interference colours by reflection spectrophotometry. We observed an interference colour shift from longer to shorter wavelengths and reflection intensity decreased with increasing compression pressure. Our data indicate that the compression decreased the layer thickness, so that constructive interference occurred at shorter wavelengths. The results thus provide support for multilayer interference being a primary cause and mechanism for meat iridescence.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour change with longitudinal compression supports hypothesis of multilayer interference as cause for meat iridescence

Ruedt

Gibis

Barbut

et al. 2020

Int J of Food Sci Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on this conceptual model of cyberspace, a complex system model was developed through the application of a predator-prey complex system using various modifications to the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model [3]. These modifications include considerations of the Kermack-McKendrick model [22,23] for susceptibility, resistance, and infection rates.…”

Section: Scope and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work explores the rapidly emerging digital ecosystem of cyberspace using the Systemigram tool [2]. It then applies properties of complex systems to the ecosystem, looking to the well-known Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model [3] and extending the model to better fit the oscillatory pattern of cyber warfare. The resultant models are presented as a concise, informative description of the ecosystem of cyberspace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ecosystem interaction models of predation, parasitism, symbiosis, cooperation, resource competition, and sexual interaction have been suggested. The Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model [3] has been widely used to model various aspects of cyberspace as it is useful where there is a degree of dependence on performance and resources. Considering power fluctuations instead of population density fluctuations with a variety of predators (computer network exploitation, cyber weapons of mass destruction, and cyber weapons of mass effect) [12], this model indicates the potential impact from each type of predator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cyberspace: A Digital Ecosystem

Lippert

Cloutier

2021

Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cyberspace is a new frontier, not just for hackers, but for engineers. It is a digital ecosystem, the next generation of Internet and network applications, promising a whole new world of distributed and open systems that can interact, self-organize, evolve, and adapt. These ecosystems transcend traditional collaborative environments, such as client-server, peer-to-peer, or hybrid models (e.g., web services), to become a self-organized, evolving, interactive environment. Understanding cyberspace as a system is critical if we are to properly design systems to exist within it. Considering it to be a digital ecosystem, where systems can adapt and evolve, will enable systems engineering to become more effective in the future of networks and the Internet. While most systems engineers have only anecdotal experience with large segments of this ecosystem, in today’s world all of them must come to understand it. Engineering any system, or portion of a system, begins with an understanding of the system. This paper presents two interrelated yet distinct foundational models of the ecosystem of cyberspace: a Systemigram to narrate the cyclical nature of cyber warfare, and a modified predator–prey model, as a mathematical model. Systems engineers can utilize these models to design digital “species” that function and adapt within this ecosystem.

show abstract

“…Self-excited oscillation is a phenomenon in which the system has continuous state change under constant external stimulation ( Uchida et al (2015) ; Kumar et al (2016) ; Nocentini et al (2018) ). Various self-excited oscillations are constructed based on many kinds of passive and active material systems ( Kinoshita (2013) ; Chakrabarti et al (2020) ; Bartlett et al (2015) ; Wehner et al (2016) ). Because of their unique advantages, self-excited oscillations have broad application prospects in many fields, such as energy harvesters ( Baumann et al (2018) ), soft robots ( Nocentini et al (2018) ), medical devices ( Hu et al (2018) ), and micro/nano devices ( Huang and Aida, (2019) ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Self-Stabilized Inverted Pendulum Made of Optically Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomers

Cheng

Zhou

2022

Front. Robot. AI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The inverted pendulum system has great potential for various engineering applications, and its stabilization is challenging because of its unstable characteristic. The well-known Kapitza’s pendulum adopts the parametrically excited oscillation to stabilize itself, which generally requires a complex controller. In this paper, self-sustained oscillation is utilized to stabilize an inverted pendulum, which is made of a V-shaped, optically responsive liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) bar under steady illumination. Based on the well-established dynamic LCE model, a theoretical model of the LCE inverted pendulum is formulated, and numerical calculations show that it always develops into the unstable static state or the self-stabilized oscillation state. The mechanism of the self-stabilized oscillation originates from the reversal of the gravity moment of the inverted pendulum accompanied with its own movement. The critical condition for triggering self-stabilized oscillation is fully investigated, and the effects of the system parameters on the stability of the inverted pendulum are explored. The self-stabilized inverted pendulum does not need an additional controller and offers new designs of self-stabilized inverted pendulum systems for potential applications in robotics, military industry, aerospace, and other fields.

show abstract

Introduction to Nonequilibrium Phenomena

Cited by 21 publications

References 66 publications

Colour change with longitudinal compression supports hypothesis of multilayer interference as cause for meat iridescence

Colour change with longitudinal compression supports hypothesis of multilayer interference as cause for meat iridescence

Cyberspace: A Digital Ecosystem

A Self-Stabilized Inverted Pendulum Made of Optically Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About