Introduction to propellants and pyrotechnics

Akhavan, Jacqueline

doi:10.1039/9781847552020-00149

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…One of the ways in which the burning rate of gun propellants can be controlled is through the use of a surface moderant, also known as a deterrent [36]. This reduces the burning rate of the grain surface [37] and as will be discussed, the influence of the surface moderant when studying the ballistic properties of gun propellants is often considered.…”

Section: Gun Propellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of force (F) exerted on the projectile can also be used to compare the performance of gun propellants. This is given in Equation 2 [37].…”

Section: Gun Propellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid rocket propellants are required to burn at a chamber pressure of ~7 MPa, compared with ~400 MPa for gun propellants. Rocket propellants must also burn for a longer time to provide a sustained impulse [37].…”

Section: Solid Rocket Propellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific impulse, Isp, is used to compare the performance of rocket propellants and depends on the thrust and flow rates of the gases through the nozzle (Equation 3) [37].…”

Section: Solid Rocket Propellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on the effect of ageing on the ballistic properties of solid gun and rocket propellants

Pettifer,

Tod

2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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This review covers the effect of ageing on solid gun and rocket propellants in terms of their ballistic properties. A brief overview of the types of methods, which can be used to determine such parameters, is provided and the literature is described in terms of broad motivation areas for the research. It has been demonstrated that understanding the effects and outputs of propellants, and how these might be affected by ageing, remains an important area of research in the field of energetic materials.

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Section: Gun Propellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of force (F) exerted on the projectile can also be used to compare the performance of gun propellants. This is given in Equation 2 [37].…”

Section: Gun Propellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solid Rocket Propellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific impulse, Isp, is used to compare the performance of rocket propellants and depends on the thrust and flow rates of the gases through the nozzle (Equation 3) [37].…”

Section: Solid Rocket Propellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on the effect of ageing on the ballistic properties of solid gun and rocket propellants

Pettifer,

Tod

2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…The admissible amount of DBP in plastic products has been limited to 0.1 % by the European Union. The amounts of DBP used in powders exceed this value significantly (usually above 3 %) [27][28][29]. Therefore, new non-toxic plasticizers have been proposed, i. e. acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC), tributyl citrate (TBC) [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of citrate plasticizers on the properties of nitrocellulose granules

Gańczyk-Specjalska

Cieślak

Jakubczak

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Nitrocellulose granules containing the proposed new eco‐friendly inert plasticizers, substitutes for phthalate derivatives, such as acetyl triethyl nitrate (ATEC) and tributyl citrate (TBC) were obtained. The single‐base propellants were obtained using safe granulation process (water method). Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) was used as an energetic modifier in obtained propellants. It was found that the addition of citrate plasticizers reduced the heat of combustion and dynamic vivacity of powders. At the same time DEGDN increased the heat of combustion of tested materials. Citrate derivatives did not affect the density and thermal decomposition of granules. It was concluded based on pyrostatic analysis that the TBC plasticizer influenced the kinetics of nitrocellulose gelatinization by DEGDN. The kinetic model [nth order with autocatalysis (CnB) reaction] was adjusted based on the process of thermal decomposition. The presence of DEGDN in granules reduces the activation energy and increases the constant heat cumulative rate. The prepared propellants are characterized by excellent thermal stability in accordance with the STANAG 4582 standard. The obtained propellants can be potentially used in small calibre ammunition.

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