Introduction to Radio over Fiber

Gomes, Nathan J.; Wake, D.

doi:10.1002/9781118306017.ch4

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…As a consequence, the high bandwidth spectrum is strongly required to offer superior broadband services and support ever‐escalating network traffic demands from end users. The congestion in the current microwave frequency bands has stimulated the transition to the millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) frequency bands having huge bandwidth in the spectral range of 30 to 300 GHz 1,2 . Nevertheless, the generation of these mm‐wave signals by conventional methods is very challenging in terms of cost and complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…current microwave frequency bands has stimulated the transition to the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency bands having huge bandwidth in the spectral range of 30 to 300 GHz. 1,2 Nevertheless, the generation of these mm-wave signals by conventional methods is very challenging in terms of cost and complexity. The present electronic devices are restricted by their limited frequency response and also become uneconomical at such high frequencies, thus constraining the generation of these mm-waves by traditional means.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Photonic generation of frequency 12‐tupling millimeter‐wave based on three cascaded‐MZMs and polarization multiplexing

Rani,

Kedia

2024

Int J Communication

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SummaryOptical millimeter‐wave generation is a predominant approach for the generation of high‐quality carrier signals for future wireless transmissions. This paper proposes an optical frequency 12‐tupling millimeter‐wave generation scheme using three cascaded‐MZMs assisted by polarization multiplexing for carrier suppression. A three‐stage MZM architecture produces the desired sixth‐order sidebands along with the undesired carrier signal. The proper adjustment of polarization direction and angle of polarization rotation lead to the effective suppression of the undesired optical carrier signal. A comprehensive mathematical analysis has been accomplished to evaluate the system's performance, and the obtained results are also validated through simulation findings. The derived results demonstrate that the proposed system is capable of operating over a broad modulation index range extending from 1.5 to 4.5, thereby relaxing the stringent requirements for a constant modulation index. The proposed system generates high‐purity mm‐wave signals with an OSSR of 62.06 dB and an RFSSR of 54.79 dB at a modulation index of 2.6. Moreover, it is also validated that even if the system parameters like modulation index, polarizer rotation angle, and phase difference among RF driving signals deviate from their ideal values to a certain degree, the system performance remains acceptable. The involvement of polarization technique, omission of wavelength‐dependent devices, and a large modulation index operating range make this methodology readily appealing for implementation in radio‐over‐fiber transmissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Photonic generation of frequency 12‐tupling millimeter‐wave based on three cascaded‐MZMs and polarization multiplexing

Rani,

Kedia

2024

Int J Communication

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“…These are the key advantages of our current research. This novel method opens up a range of potential applications, including wireless access [29], MMW and microwave connectivity, and ultra-wideband communication. Implementing the standard modulation approach provides significant benefits, such as expansive bandwidth, superior conversion efficiency, and minimal inlet energy prerequisites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Replica Generation of Ultra-High Data Rate Transmission in an Electro-Optical Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach–Zehnder Interferometer System

Termos,

Mansour

2024

Photonics

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This article presents an analysis of an electro-optical up-converter relying on a semiconductor optical amplifier Mach–Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI). The pulsed control signal is generated by an optical pulse clock (OPC) with a repetition rate of fs= 19.5 GHz. The intermediate frequency (IF) signal, which carries the modulation format known as quadratic phase shift keying (QPSK) at a frequency fIF, is shifted at the output of the SOA-MZI to high outlet mixing frequencies nfs±fIF, where n represents the harmonic order of the OPC. To examine the characteristics of the sampled QPSK signals, we employ the Virtual Photonics Inc. (VPI) emulator and evaluate them using significate metrics like error vector magnitudes (EVMs), conversion gains, and bit error rates (BERs). The up-mixing process is mainly achieved through the cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect in the SOA-MZI, which operates within a 195.5 GHz ultrahigh frequency (UHF). The electro-optical SOA-MZI up-converter demonstrates consistent uplifting conversion gains across the scope of the output mixing frequencies. The simulated conversion gain deteriorates from 38 dB at 20 GHz to 13 dB at 195.5 GHz. The operational efficiency of the electro-optical SOA-MZI design, employing the standard modulation approach, is also evaluated by measuring the EVM values. The EVM attains a 24% performance level at a data rate of 5 Gbit/s in conjunction with the UHF of 195.5 GHz. To corroborate our results, we compare them with real-world experiments conducted with the UHF of 59 GHz. The maximum frequency range of 1 THz is attained by increasing the OPC repetition rate. Ultimately, through elevating the control frequency to 100 GHz, the generation of terahertz replicas of the 4096-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) compound signal becomes achievable at heightened UHF, extending 1 THz, while maintaining a data transmission rate of 120 Gbit/s and upholding exceptional performance characteristics.

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“…Radio over fiber (RoF) and millimeter-wave (MW) systems are of great importance, as they formally proffer a high optical transmission rate, light weight, low cost, and wide frequency range up to 2 THz with implementation in wireless fidelity (WiFi) communications, radar applications, and cellular networks [1][2][3][4][5]. Optical transmission systems can benefit from various features of optical mixing, including positive conversion efficiency at high output frequencies and low error vector magnitude (EVM) values with high data rates based on the nonlinearities of several optical mixers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of an Electro-Optical Mixing Design on a Photonic SOA-MZI Using a Differential Modulation Arrangement

Termos

Mansour

Ebrahim-Zadeh

2023

Sensors

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We design and evaluate two experimental systems for a single and simultaneous electro-optical semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) mixing system based on the differential modulation mode. These systems and the optimization of their optical and electrical performance largely depend on characteristics of an optical pulse source (OPS), operating at a frequency of f = 39 GHz and a pulse width of 1 ps. The passive power stability of the electro-optical mixing output over one hour is better than 0.3% RMS (root mean square), which is excellent. Additionally, we generate up to 22 dBm of the total average output power with an optical conversion gain of 32 dB, while achieving a record output optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) up to 77 dB. On the other hand, at the SOA–MZI output, the 128 quadratic amplitude modulation (128-QAM) signal at an intermediate frequency (IF), f1, is up-mixed to higher output frequencies nf ± f1. The advantages of the resulting 128-QAM mixed signal during electrical conversion gains (ECGs) and error vector magnitudes (EVMs) are also evaluated. The performed empirical SOA-MZI mixing can operate up to 118.5 GHz in its high-frequency range. The positive and almost constant conversion gains are achieved. Indeed, the obtained conversion gain values are very close across the entire range of output frequencies. The largest frequency range achieved during experimental work is 118.5 GHz, where the EVM achieves 6% at a symbol rate of 10 GSymb/s. Moreover, the peak data rate of the 128-QAM up mixed signal can reach 70 GBit/s. Finally, the study of the simultaneous electro-optical mixing system is accepted with unmatched performance improvement.

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Introduction to Radio over Fiber

Cited by 7 publications

References 94 publications

Photonic generation of frequency 12‐tupling millimeter‐wave based on three cascaded‐MZMs and polarization multiplexing

Photonic generation of frequency 12‐tupling millimeter‐wave based on three cascaded‐MZMs and polarization multiplexing

Terahertz Replica Generation of Ultra-High Data Rate Transmission in an Electro-Optical Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach–Zehnder Interferometer System

Establishment of an Electro-Optical Mixing Design on a Photonic SOA-MZI Using a Differential Modulation Arrangement

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