Introduction to the Community of Extracellular Vesicles

Fonseka, Pamali; Marzan, Akbar L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_1

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Extracellular vesicles are nanosized cell-derived membranous structures and can be categorized into several subclasses including exosomes (40–160 nm), microvesicles (150–1000 nm), and apoptotic bodies (>1000 nm) [ 5 ] ( Figure 1 ). Exosomes are formed by the inward budding of endosomes and results in the generation of intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular bodies (MVBs) [ 6 ]. When MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane, the intraluminal vesicles are released into the extracellular space and are then referred to as exosomes [ 6 ].…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles (Evs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exosomes are formed by the inward budding of endosomes and results in the generation of intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular bodies (MVBs) [ 6 ]. When MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane, the intraluminal vesicles are released into the extracellular space and are then referred to as exosomes [ 6 ]. It is unlikely that researchers will be able to capture live images of EV release in order to assign EVs to subclasses [ 7 ].…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles (Evs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery: Current Status, Applications and Challenges

Leung

Shirazi

Cooper

et al. 2022

Cells

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In this review, we will discuss the current status of extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds for therapeutic applications and the challenges associated with the development of these functionalized scaffolds. EVs are cell-derived membranous structures and are involved in many physiological processes. Naïve and engineered EVs have much therapeutic potential, but proper delivery systems are required to prevent non-specific and off-target effects. Targeted and site-specific delivery using polymeric scaffolds can address these limitations. EV delivery with scaffolds has shown improvements in tissue remodeling, wound healing, bone healing, immunomodulation, and vascular performance. Thus, EV delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds is becoming an increasingly popular approach to tissue engineering. Although there are many types of natural and synthetic biopolymers, the overarching goal for many tissue engineers is to utilize biopolymers to restore defects and function as well as support host regeneration. Functionalizing biopolymers by incorporating EVs works toward this goal. Throughout this review, we will characterize extracellular vesicles, examine various biopolymers as a vehicle for EV delivery for therapeutic purposes, potential mechanisms by which EVs exert their effects, EV delivery for tissue repair and immunomodulation, and the challenges associated with the use of EVs in scaffolds.

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Section: Extracellular Vesicles (Evs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extracellular Vesicles (Evs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery: Current Status, Applications and Challenges

Leung

Shirazi

Cooper

et al. 2022

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles that are released from cells into the extracellular space. EVs are found in various body fluids and serve for intercellular communication by delivering their cargo molecules to other cells (81). EVs can be categorized into three types depending on the mode of biogenesis, which is an evolutionarily conserved process (82).…”

Section: Genomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Of Exosomal Non-coding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Landscape of Liquid Biopsy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Personalized Medicine

Moldogazieva

Zavadskiy

Terentiev

2021

Cancer Genomics Proteomics

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Advanced-stage HCC patients have poor survival rates and this requires the discovery of novel clear biomarkers for HCC early diagnosis and prognosis, identifying risk factors, distinguishing HCC from non-HCC liver diseases, and assessment of treatment response. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a novel minimally invasive approach to enable monitoring tumor progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Since the liquid biopsy analysis has relatively high specificity and low sensitivity in cancer early detection, there is a risk of bias. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide accurate and comprehensive gene expression and mutational profiling of liquid biopsies including cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and genomic components of extracellular vesicles (EVs) including micro-RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Since HCC is a highly heterogeneous cancer, HCC patients can display various genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic patterns and exhibit varying sensitivity to treatment options. Identification 369 This article is freely accessible online.

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“…EVs are secreted into the extracellular environment in a variety of ways. Based on their biogenesis pathways, they are classified into exomeres (<50 nm), exosomes (30–150 nm), ectosomes/shedding microvesicles (100–1,000 nm), apoptotic bodies (1000–5,000 nm), migrasomes (500–3,000 nm), and oncosomes (1000–10,000 nm) 4,5 . Ectosomes and apoptotic bodies are released from cell membrane budding of live and dead cells, respectively 6,7 .…”

Section: Introduction To Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post‐translational modifications such as ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and ISGylation have been reported in cargo sorting into EVs 13 . Various EV biogenesis mechanisms such as endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), lipids, and tetraspanins also regulate EV protein sorting 5,7 . The variation in EV cargo largely indicates the normal versus diseased condition of the cell.…”

Section: Introduction To Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of extracellular vesicles in mitochondrial eye diseases

2022

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small packages that are released by almost all types of cells. While the role of EVs in pathogenesis of certain diseases such as cancer is well established, EVs role in ocular health and disease is still at early stages of investigation. Given the significant role of EVs in pathological development and progression of diseases such as cancer, EVs present a similar opportunity for investigation in ocular pathophysiology. Studies have shown the presence of EVs in fluids from the ocular environment have close links with ocular health and disease. Hence, the cargo carried in EVs from ocular fluids can be used for monitoring disease phenotypes or therapeutic outcomes in eye‐related disorders. Furthermore, in recent times EVs have increasingly gained attention as therapeutics and drug‐delivery vehicles for treatment of eye diseases. There is a close relationship between EVs and mitochondria functioning with mitochondria dysfunction leading to a significant number of ophthalmic disorders. This review discusses the current knowledge of EVs in visual systems with a special focus on eye diseases resulting from dysfunctional mitochondria.

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Introduction to the Community of Extracellular Vesicles

Cited by 27 publications

References 121 publications

Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery: Current Status, Applications and Challenges

Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery: Current Status, Applications and Challenges

Genomic Landscape of Liquid Biopsy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Personalized Medicine

Role of extracellular vesicles in mitochondrial eye diseases

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