Introduction to the Cyanobacteria

Whitton, Brian A.; Potts, Malcolm

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-3855-3_1

Cited by 206 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Several studies have reported that cyanobacteria out-compete eukaryotic algae under high pH and low CO 2 conditions (Shapiro and Wright, 1990;Oliver and Ganf, 2000;Qui and Gao, 2002). Furthermore, some cyanobacteria decrease cell division rates in response to lower pH conditions (Shapiro and Wright, 1990;Whitton and Potts, 2000;Czerny et al, 2009). However, laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that other cyanobacteria respond to increased CO 2 with increased cell division rates, carbon fixation, or both (Hein and Sand-Jensen, 1997;Burkhardt et al, 1999;Hinga, 2002;Yang and Gao, 2003;Riebesell, 2004;Barcelos e Ramos et al, 2007;Fu et al, 2007Fu et al, , 2008Hutchins et al, 2007;Levitan et al, 2007;Riebesell et al, 2007;Kranz et al, 2009).…”

Section: Carbon Dioxide and Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: The potential roles of eutrophication and climate change

et al. 2012

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Section: Carbon Dioxide and Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: The potential roles of eutrophication and climate change

et al. 2012

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“…Secondary or accessorial pigments, such as carotenoids, phycobilins and rhodopsins complement the energy absorbance by utilizing the centre of the light spectrum. 33,34 What nature developed by evolution, namely specific light demands, favourable pH-values and salinity as well as low concentration of nutrients can be set for almost selective conditions in a biotechnological production with cyanobacteria.…”

Section: Photo-autotrophic Cultivation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…65 Many species have the ability to fix atmospheric N 2 when dissolved nitrogen concentrations are low. 34 However, they can also lose this ability if maintained for a long time in media with a combined nitrogen source. 66 In any case, they preferably assimilate ammonium and favour utilizing combined nitrogen (e.g., nitrate) instead of fixing N 2 .…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-autotrophic Production of Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) in Cyanobacteria

Drosg¹,

Fritz²,

Gattermayr³

et al. 2015

Chem.Biochem.Eng.Q.

100

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In the last two decades, poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) were solely produced using heterotrophic bacteria in aerobic cultivation. With respect to the great potential (500 Mt yr -1 ) of raw industrial CO 2 streams and even greater potential of flue gases, the focus on photo-autotrophic biotechnological processes is increasing steadily. Primarily, PHA-gene transfer from heterotrophic bacteria into algae and plant cells was attempted, with the intention to combine the known biosynthesis pathway with autotrophic cultivation. The natural occurrence of PHA in cyanobacteria is known at least since 1966. However, cyanobacteria were never considered for commercial production because the PHA amount based on cell mass and based on volumetric productivity is generally very low. Therefore, strain improvements were suggested, either by gene amplification or by suppression of biochemical pathways competing for the cell's acetate pool. In the late 1990s, the success of genetic modification was confirmed experimentally, elevating the cyanobacteria cell's PHA content. With additional optimization, PHB amounts up to 50 % w/w of biomass dry matter or up to about 2.4 g L -1 bioreactor volume could be produced within 11 days. Considering the land use for agriculture and the competition for plant biomass between food, feed, fuel and energy production, the binding of CO 2 in a biotechnological process using photo-autotrophic microorganisms may become a promising option.

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“…All of the threadlike forms observed in this study are interpreted as having formed as permineralized cyanobacterial sheaths and/or extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from cyanobacterial or bacterial filaments (Whitton and Potts 2000;Pentecost 2003), except the considerably thicker strands (up to 100 μm in diameter) in the Devonian sinter. These features are interpreted as fungal hyphae by Trewin et al (2003).…”

Section: Tubulesmentioning

confidence: 73%

Preservation potential of microorganism morphologies in tufas, sinters, and travertines through geologic time

Wet

Davis

2010

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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Microscopically, modern tufas, sinters, and travertines (TSTs) may contain filaments, spirilla, clotted micrite (peloids and/or grumeleuse), tubules, coccoids, or spheres that suggest a biological component to their constitution. However, examination of progressively older TST deposits reveals that the preservation of primary depositional features, including biological morphologies, is commonly obscured by diagenetic overprinting that may mask or obliterate original features. In the study reported here, we examined modern and ancient spring deposits to determine which biological morphologies remain identifiable through geologic time. The focus is on the preservation potential of fossil microorganisms, independent of the mineralogy or formation temperature of the original TST. Biologically induced biomineralization likely fossilizes microorganisms in situ within TST deposits. Biofilms, composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances, bind calcium or silica ions, serve as nucleation sites, and change local microchemistries to favor precipitation of calcite, aragonite, or chert (less commonly, other minerals). The resultant precipitation entombs microbial material and may yield a fossilized remnant of the microbe's former presence, albeit lacking details beyond general morphology. The preserved dimensions are almost always larger than those of the original microorganism. Recrystallization and the formation of cement, either calcite (or aragonite) or silica, are diagenetic processes that may occur early and rapidly, with resultant blurring of primary fabrics. Curiously, the commonly recognized spherule and coccoid forms from Holocene and Cenozoic deposits are rarely observable in Mesozoic and Paleozoic deposits, except as indistinct clots in thin section or as rounded mineralized forms. Filaments, however, retain much of their original dimensions, particularly their diameter, and if discovered stretching across a primary pore space may be considered one of the more reliable indicators of former microbial activity in ancient spring deposits.

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Introduction to the Cyanobacteria

Cited by 206 publications

References 125 publications

The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: The potential roles of eutrophication and climate change

The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: The potential roles of eutrophication and climate change

Photo-autotrophic Production of Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) in Cyanobacteria

Preservation potential of microorganism morphologies in tufas, sinters, and travertines through geologic time

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