Introduction to the Series on Computational Approaches to Cardiac Arrhythmias

Jalife, José

doi:10.1161/circresaha.113.300936

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The main motivation for modeling in cardiology is nicely summarized in a short introduction written by J. Jalife for a series of articles on recent advances in computational cardiology in the leading journal Circulation research [4]: "Of all the cardiac arrhythmias seen in clinical practice, atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. AF is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with an increased risk of stroke, heart failure, dementia, and death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear physics of electrical wave propagation in the heart: a review

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The beating of the heart is a synchronized contraction of muscle cells (myocytes) that are triggered by a periodic sequence of electrical waves (action potentials) originating in the sino-atrial node and propagating over the atria and the ventricles. Cardiac arrhythmias like atrial and ventricular fibrillation (AF,VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) are caused by disruptions and instabilities of these electrical excitations, that lead to the emergence of rotating waves (VT) and turbulent wave patterns (AF,VF). Numerous simulation and experimental studies during the last 20 years have addressed these topics. In this review we focus on the nonlinear dynamics of wave propagation in the heart with an emphasis on the theory of pulses, spirals and scroll waves and their instabilities in excitable media and their application to cardiac modeling. After an introduction into electrophysiological models for action potential propagation, the modeling and analysis of spatiotemporal alternans, spiral and scroll meandering, spiral breakup and scroll wave instabilities like negative line tension and sproing are reviewed in depth and discussed with emphasis on their impact in cardiac arrhythmias.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear physics of electrical wave propagation in the heart: a review

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conduction velocity depends on individual cardiomyocyte excitability, transmission between cardiomyocytes, and the three-dimensional (3-D) tissue structure. 4 Furthermore, myofibroblasts may influence cardiac electrophysiology via paracrine interactions with cardiomyocytes, mechanical-electrical feedback, and direct electrotonic interaction. 4 One-dimensional studies have shown increasing myofibroblast concentration to induce a biphasic response in impulse conduction velocity, with increased velocity at low myofibroblast concentrations followed by declining velocity at higher concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Furthermore, myofibroblasts may influence cardiac electrophysiology via paracrine interactions with cardiomyocytes, mechanical-electrical feedback, and direct electrotonic interaction. 4 One-dimensional studies have shown increasing myofibroblast concentration to induce a biphasic response in impulse conduction velocity, with increased velocity at low myofibroblast concentrations followed by declining velocity at higher concentrations. 5 These effects have been attributed to factors including gap junction-mediated electrotonic interaction between myofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibroblasts Slow Conduction Velocity in a Reconstituted Tissue Model of Fibrotic Cardiomyopathy

Spencer

Blumenstein

Pryse

et al. 2016

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Myocardial function deteriorates over the course of fibrotic cardiomyopathy, due to electrophysiological and mechanical effects of myofibroblasts that are not completely understood. Although a range of experimental model systems and associated theoretical treatments exist at the levels of isolated cardiomyocytes and planar co-cultures of myofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, interactions between these cell types at the tissue level are less clear. We studied these interactions through an engineered heart tissue (EHT) model of fibrotic myocardium and a mathematical model of the effects of cellular composition on EHT impulse conduction velocity. The EHT model allowed for modulation of cardiomyocyte and myofibroblast volume fractions, and observation of cell behavior in a three-dimensional environment that is more similar to native heart tissue than is planar cell culture. The cardiomyocyte and myofibroblast volume fractions determined the retardation of impulse conduction (spread of the action potential) in EHTs as measured by changes of the fluorescence of the Ca2+ probe, Fluo-2. Interpretation through our model showed retardation far in excess of predictions by homogenization theory, with conduction ceasing far below the fibroblast volume fraction associated with steric percolation. Results point to an important multiscale structural role of myofibroblasts in attenuating impulse conduction in fibrotic cardiomyopathy.

show abstract

“…The study of such arrhythmias has been a major focus of computational biology, as a detailed quantitative description of cardiac electrophysiology has been developed that allows the simulation of both normal and pathological excitation and propagation of this excitation [4,5]. Additionally, the results of such simulations can be dissected in time and space, and by parameters, allowing a detailed study at the cell and tissue levels of the mechanisms underlying arrhythmias [6,7]. Experimental studies of cardiac arrhythmias at the tissue level have been largely limited to voltage recordings on or near the surface of a preparation [8] or by using multiple plunge electrodes within the heart [9], and so computational studies offer an additional research tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%