Introduction to the Special Issue on Lone Wolf and Autonomous Cell Terrorism

Kaplan, Jeffrey; Lööw, Heléne; Malkki, Leena

doi:10.1080/09546553.2014.854032

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…KEYWORDS: forensic science, lone actor terrorism, pre-attack behavior, attack planning and preparation, terrorism, threat assessment, leakage behavior, early-warning indicators Groups perpetrate the vast majority of terrorist violence (1). Yet in recent years, counterterrorism practitioners and academics have paid increasing attention to lone actor extremism (2,3). Attacks such as those carried out by Anders Breivik in 2011 (77 fatalities) and Omar Mateen in 2016 (49 fatalities), as well as a rise in lone actor violence overall, raised the specter of a new dimension to the international terrorist threat (4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lone Actor Terrorist Attack Planning and Preparation: A Data‐Driven Analysis,

Schuurman

Bakker

Gill

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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ABSTRACT:This article provides an in-depth assessment of lone actor terrorists' attack planning and preparation. A codebook of 198 variables related to different aspects of pre-attack behavior is applied to a sample of 55 lone actor terrorists. Data were drawn from open-source materials and complemented where possible with primary sources. Most lone actors are not highly lethal or surreptitious attackers. They are generally poor at maintaining operational security, leak their motivations and capabilities in numerous ways, and generally do so months and even years before an attack. Moreover, the "loneness" thought to define this type of terrorism is generally absent; most lone actors uphold social ties that are crucial to their adoption and maintenance of the motivation and capability to commit terrorist violence. The results offer concrete input for those working to detect and prevent this form of terrorism and argue for a re-evaluation of the "lone actor" concept.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lone Actor Terrorist Attack Planning and Preparation: A Data‐Driven Analysis,

Schuurman

Bakker

Gill

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Lone wolf terrorist: an individual or small group of autonomous individuals who plan and execute politically motivated violent attacks (Kaplan, Loow, & Malkki, 2014;Moskalenko & McCauley, 2011).…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is clear that further research into the risk factors and assessment tools for identifying potential terrorists is necessary to prevent these individuals from joining the military. However, the more difficult threat to identify is the one posed by lone wolf terrorists (Bates, 2012;Kaplan, Loow, & Malkki, 2014;Teich, 2013). While preventing people who pose these risks from joining the military is essential, it will not prevent an attack from an individual from outside the military.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the trend of domestic terrorism in the United States has evolved from threats of organized terror groups such as the Ku Klux Klan to threats from lone wolf terrorists (Gruenewald, et al, 2013). Lone wolf terrorists are individuals or autonomous cells who plan and execute politically motivated attacks (Kaplan, et al, 2014). These individuals represent a different, unique subset of terrorists which need to be better understood.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attack at Fort Hood: Experiences and Suggestions for Security

Moravits

2018

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism

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In the past 8 years, at least 4 lone wolf terrorists have targeted military bases or recruiting centers in the United States and research suggests attack on the US military are increasing globally. The problem was that research had not addressed the lived experiences of survivors of lone wolf attacks or how they could inform procedures regarding a sense of security for military men and women. The purpose of this research was to establish a need to address threats to the security of the military from these attacks, to provide a rich description of survivors' experiences of the attack at Fort Hood, and to identify suggestions for improving military personnel's sense of security while on base. Using the community based approach to public health, the central research question asked how the lived experiences of survivors of the attack at Fort Hood could lead to an increased sense of security on base. This phenomenological research provided a detailed description of survivors' experiences and their reflections on improving military personnel's sense of security. The population consisted of the 31 soldiers injured in the attack. A purposeful sample was used to recruit 5 participants for researcher-constructed interviews. I analyzed data and used NVivo 11 for organization. The study revealed high levels of stress, hyperawareness, and significant negative changes in the lives of these soldiers. The finding suggest an increased show of force by police throughout the base, a designated office to anonymously report suspicious activity, and more training to help

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“…I find myself in agreement with Kaplan, who writes that "lone wolves, however lonely they seem to be, are much part of a larger community of likeminded actors." 43 For Kaplan the internet is a key enabler in driving these individuals to develop their ideas into action, through interaction with likeminded individuals they have no direct contact with. Aiken captures this well in describing individual's online presences as: "bolder, less inhibited, and judgement impaired."…”

Section: Known Lone Wolf Terrorist Attacks In 2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2016 ‘Lone Wolf’ Tsunami - Is Rapoport’s ‘Religious Wave’ Ending?

Gallagher¹

2017

JSS

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is a serving senior police officer in Scotland, UK. His background is in the investigation of serious crime, and the response to national crisis events. He is currently working on community cohesion measures. His previous research mainly concerns the nexus between terrorism and organised crime. All views expressed are his own. AbstractThis article considers recent developments across the western world in the lethality of lone wolf terrorists during 2016 against the contextual framework of Rapoport's theory regarding the existence of waves of terrorism, mirroring current extreme political and social situations. It highlights the similarities in terms of world conditions coupled to modus operandi that existed during the first wave of terrorism, the Anarchist wave, and currently, while highlighting recent increased lethality. The paper illustrates that current lone wolf behaviours, and the decreasing 'Religiosity' of fourth wave participants indicate that the wave's breakwater may have been reached. A discussion of the role of mental health in influencing the behaviour of 'lone wolf' terrorists follows. It concludes that Islamic State's current territorial losses, coupled to increased populism across the west may be potential areas where extreme social reactionary trends occur, that will ultimately manifest themselves as 'Fifth Wave' Terrorism; however cautions that any predictions in this regard are extremely difficult. It recommends that policy makers and law enforcement bodies closely monitor developments amongst those reacting to these significant geo political changes; and that there is an acknowledgement that mental health considerations must be included when discussing terrorist acts, and looking at mitigation measures.

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Introduction to the Special Issue on Lone Wolf and Autonomous Cell Terrorism

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Lone Actor Terrorist Attack Planning and Preparation: A Data‐Driven Analysis,

Lone Actor Terrorist Attack Planning and Preparation: A Data‐Driven Analysis,

Attack at Fort Hood: Experiences and Suggestions for Security

The 2016 ‘Lone Wolf’ Tsunami - Is Rapoport’s ‘Religious Wave’ Ending?

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