Introduction to this special issue “Breast Cancer Metastasis”

Schiemann, William P.

doi:10.20517/2394-4722.2020.01

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Breast cancer is an intrinsically heterogeneous and complex disease with various molecular subtypes, histological features, and clinical characteristics [ 2 , 13 ]. These markers are analyzed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) or gene expression assays (PAM50 micro-array markers) and include the Hormone Receptors (HR), Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2), the cell proliferation marker Ki67, cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Molecular Classification Of Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These markers are analyzed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) or gene expression assays (PAM50 micro-array markers) and include the Hormone Receptors (HR), Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2), the cell proliferation marker Ki67, cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Based on these markers, breast cancer can be classified in luminal A (ER + and/or PR + , HER-2 − and Ki67 low ), luminal B (ER + and/or PR + , HER-2 − and Ki67 high ), luminal-HER-2 (ER + and/or PR + , and HER-2 + ), HER2-enriched (ER − , PR − , HER-2 + ), basal-like (ER − , PR − , HER-2 − , and EFGR + or CK5/6 + ), and triple-negative phenotype (TNBC) (ER − , PR − , HER-2 − ) [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] ( Figure 1 ). It is important to note that the TNBC frequently harbors TP53 mutations and 80% of them express basal-like markers [ 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Molecular Classification Of Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these markers, breast cancer can be classified in luminal A (ER + and/or PR + , HER-2 − and Ki67 low ), luminal B (ER + and/or PR + , HER-2 − and Ki67 high ), luminal-HER-2 (ER + and/or PR + , and HER-2 + ), HER2-enriched (ER − , PR − , HER-2 + ), basal-like (ER − , PR − , HER-2 − , and EFGR + or CK5/6 + ), and triple-negative phenotype (TNBC) (ER − , PR − , HER-2 − ) [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] ( Figure 1 ). It is important to note that the TNBC frequently harbors TP53 mutations and 80% of them express basal-like markers [ 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Molecular Classification Of Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Present and Future of Clinical Management in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Lin

Laliotis

2022

JCM

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Regardless of the advances in our ability to detect early and treat breast cancer, it is still one of the common types of malignancy worldwide, with the majority of patients decease upon metastatic disease. Nevertheless, due to these advances, we have extensively characterized the drivers and molecular profiling of breast cancer and further dividing it into subtypes. These subgroups are based on immunohistological markers (Estrogen Receptor-ER; Progesterone Receptor-PR and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-HER-2) and transcriptomic signatures with distinct therapeutic approaches and regiments. These therapeutic approaches include targeted therapy (HER-2+), endocrine therapy (HR+) or chemotherapy (TNBC) with optional combination radiotherapy, depending on clinical stage. Technological and scientific advances in the identification of molecular pathways that contribute to therapy-resistance and establishment of metastatic disease, have provided the rationale for revolutionary targeted approaches against Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6), PI3 Kinase (PI3K), Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), among others. In this review, we focus on the comprehensive overview of epidemiology and current standard of care treatment of metastatic breast cancer, along with ongoing clinical trials. Towards this goal, we utilized available literature from PubMed and ongoing clinical trial information from clinicaltrials.gov to reflect the up to date and future treatment options for metastatic breast cancer.

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Section: Molecular Classification Of Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Classification Of Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Classification Of Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Present and Future of Clinical Management in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Lin

Laliotis

2022

JCM

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“…Despite the recent advances in treatment, follow-up and targeted therapies, around 38 30% of breast cancer patients still eventually relapse with distant metastasis [9], which 39 develops approximately 5-20 years after the initial diagnosis [10]. Metastatic disease remains the most common cause of death in 90% of the patients with breast cancer [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Present and Future of Clinical Management in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Lin¹,

Laliotis²

2022

Preprint

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Regardless of the advances in our ability to detect early and treat breast cancer, it is still one of the common types of malignancy worldwide, with the majority of patients decease upon metastatic disease. Nevertheless, due to these advances, we have extensively characterized the drivers and molecular profiling of breast cancer and further dividing it into subtypes. These subgroups are based on immunohistological markers (Estrogen Receptor-ER, Progesterone Receptor-PR and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-HER-2) and transcriptomic signatures, with distinct therapeutic approaches and regiments. These therapeutic approaches include targeted therapy (HER-2+), endocrine therapy (HR+) or chemotherapy (TNBC) with optional combination radiotherapy, depending on clinical stage. Technological and scientific advances in the identification of molecular pathways that contribute to therapy-resistance and establishment of metastatic disease, have provided the rationale for revolutionary targeted approaches against Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6), PI3 Kinase (PI3K), Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), among others. In this review, we focus on the comprehensive overview of epidemiology and current standard of care treatment of metastatic breast cancer, along with ongoing clinical trials. Towards this goal, we utilized available literature from PubMed and ongoing clinical trial information from clinicaltrials.gov to reflect the up to date and future treatment options for metastatic breast cancer.

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Introduction to this special issue “Breast Cancer Metastasis”

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

The Present and Future of Clinical Management in Metastatic Breast Cancer

The Present and Future of Clinical Management in Metastatic Breast Cancer

The Present and Future of Clinical Management in Metastatic Breast Cancer

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