Feedback amplification is a key technique for synthesizing various important functionalities, especially in electronic circuits involving op-amps. This paper presents a quantum version of this methodology, where the general phase-preserving quantum amplifier and coherent (i.e., measurement-free) feedback are employed to construct systems that produce several useful functionalities; quantum versions of differentiator, integrator, self-oscillator, and active filters. The class of active filters includes the Butterworth filter, which can be used to enhance the capacity of an optical quantum communication channel, and the non-reciprocal amplifier, which enables back-action-free measurement of a superconducting qubit. A particularly detailed investigation is performed on the unstable active filter for realizing a broadband gravitational-wave detector; that is, the feedback amplification method is used to construct an active filter that compensates the phase delay of the signal and eventually recovers the sensitivity in the high frequency regime.