Introduction: Working on gender issues in urban areas

Integrating Gender into the Governance of Urban Food Systems for Improved Nutrition

“…In LMICs, these gender norms often coincide with discriminatory practices regarding women's employment. Feminised sectors are mostly unregistered and poorly paid (13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

“…Though some-such as the garment industry-may formally employ women, they tend to work in poor conditions with little job security or bargaining power (17). 3 As a result, when circumstances require women to take on the role of 'breadwinner'-either to fulfil their gendered responsibilities within a dual-adult household or as the sole earner in a femaleheaded household-they are typically forced to do so 'informally', with little or no access to credit, formal contracts, licensing, and the worker protections that come with formal employment.…”

“…In addition to these challenges, urban built environments may pose a threat to women in terms of mobility. While both men and women face the risk of violence traveling throughout cities, for women violence is more likely to be sexualised (17). Consequently, women may view public spaces and use transport differently from men, as they may be more concerned with personal safety while moving around the city.…”