Introduction

Biancardi, Enrico; Lewellen, R. T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30678-0_1

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…vulgaris) and is transmitted by the soil-inhabiting plasmodiophorid protist Polymyxa betae (Tamada, 2016). Since the first record of the disease in Italy in the 1950s, rhizomania had been noted worldwide, where it can cause a drastic reduction in sugar yield where present (Biancardi and Tamada, 2016). The virus is usually confined to the roots, and infected roots are stunted and constricted (e.g., wineglass-shaped) and develop a massive proliferation of the lateral rootlets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenetic roles of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA5 in the exacerbation of symptoms and yield reduction, development of scab‐like symptoms, and Rz1‐resistance breaking in sugar beet

Tamada

Uchino

Kusume³

et al. 2020

Plant Pathology

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Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) generally has a four-segmented positivesense RNA genome (RNAs 1-4), but some European and most Asian strains have an additional segment, RNA5. This study examined the effect of RNA5 and RNA3 on different sugar beet cultivars using a Polymyxa-mediated inoculation system under field and laboratory conditions. In field tests, the degree of sugar yield served as an index for assessing the virulence of BNYVV strains. Japanese A-II type isolates without RNA5 caused mostly 15%-90% sugar yield reductions, depending on the susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars, whereas the isolates with RNA5 induced more than 90% yield losses in the seven susceptible cultivars, but small yield losses in one Rz1-resistant and Rizor cultivars. However, a laboratory-produced isolate containing RNA5 but lacking RNA3 caused higher yield losses in Rizor than in susceptible plants, and induced scab-like symptoms on the root surface of both susceptible and resistant plants. In laboratory tests, A-II type isolates without RNA5 had low viral RNA accumulation levels in roots of Rizor and Rz1-resistant plants at early stages of infection, but in the presence of RNA5, viral RNA3 accumulation levels increased remarkably. This increased RNA3 accumulation was not observed in roots of the WB42 accession with the Rz2 gene. In contrast, the presence of RNA3 did not affect RNA5 accumulation levels. Collectively, this study demonstrated that RNA5 is involved in the development of scab-like symptoms and the enhancement of RNA3 accumulation, and suggests these characteristics of RNA5 are associated with Rz1-resistance breaking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenetic roles of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA5 in the exacerbation of symptoms and yield reduction, development of scab‐like symptoms, and Rz1‐resistance breaking in sugar beet

Tamada

Uchino

Kusume³

et al. 2020

Plant Pathology

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“…Rhizomania is one of the most challenging diseases of the sugar beet plant because of the difficulty in maintaining sustainable plant resistance sources against the causal virus, the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), a soil-borne virus transmitted by the plasmodiophorid Polymyxa betae (Biancardi and Tamada, 2016 ). Since its discovery in (1952), the disease characterized by a constriction of the taproot with a proliferation of lateral rootlets was named accordingly “root madness” or rhizomania (rizomania) (Biancardi et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later on, an additional J type was proposed for Asian strains with an additional RNA5 (Schirmer et al, 2005 ). In 2011, based on an extensive comparison of 73 isolates of worldwide origin, Chiba et al ( 2011 ) and Biancardi and Tamada ( 2016 ) proposed phylogenetic evolutionary pathways for BNYVV populations, with up to eight different groups with different geographical distributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Term Management of Rhizomania Disease—Insight Into the Changes of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-3 Observed Under Resistant and Non-resistant Sugar Beet Fields

2018

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Rhizomania disease, caused by the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is considered as one of the major constraints for sugar beet production, worldwide. As a result of the introgression of major resistance genes (Holly, Rz2) in commercially available sugar beet varieties, the virus has endured strong selection pressure since the 90s'. Understanding the virus response and diversity to sugar beet resistance is a key factor for a sustainable management of only few resistance genes. Here we report rhizomania surveys conducted in a rhizomania hot spot, the Pithiviers area (France) during a 4-year period and complementary to the study of Schirmer et al. (2005). The study aimed at evaluating the intra- and inter-field BNYVV diversity in response to different sources of resistance and over the growing season. To follow rhizomania development over the sugar beet growing season, extensive field samplings combined with field assays were performed in this study. The evolution of the BNYVV diversity was assessed at intra- and inter-field levels, with sugar beet cultivars containing different resistance genes (Rz1, Rz1 + Heterodera schachtii resistance and Rz1Rz2). Intra-field diversity was analyzed at the beginning and the end of the growing season of each field. From more than one thousand field samples, the simultaneous presence of the different A, B and P types of BNYVV was confirmed, with 21 variants identified at positions 67–70 of the p25 tetrad. The first variant, AYHR, was found most commonly followed by SYHG. Numerous mixed infections (9.93% of the samples), mostly of B-type with P-type, have also been evidenced. Different tetrads associated with the A- or B-type were also found with a fifth RNA-genome component known to allow more aggressiveness to BNYVV on sugar beet roots. Cultivars with Rz1+Rz2 resistant genes showed few root symptoms even if the BNYVV titre was quite high according to the BNYVV type present. The virus infectious potential in the soil at the end of the growing season with such cultivars was also lower despite a wider diversity at the BNYVV RNA3 sequence level. Rz1+Rz2 cultivars also exhibited a lower presence of Beet soil-borne virus (BSBV), a P. betae-transmitted Pomovirus. Cultivars with Rz1 and nematode (N) resistance genes cultivated in field infected with nematodes showed lower BNYVV titre than those with Rz1 or Rz1+Rz2 cultivars. Overall, the population structure of BNYVV in France is shown to be different from that previously evidenced in different world areas. Implications for long-term management of the resistance to rhizomania is discussed.

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“…Polymyxa betae vectors Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus, which causes sugar beet “rhizomania,” resulting in ca. 10% loss or the world production of sugar beet (Lemaire et al, 1988 ; Desoignies et al, 2014 ; Hassanzadeh Davarani et al, 2014 ; Biancardi and Lewellen, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Rhizosphere Selection of Plasmodiophorid Lineages from Bulk Soil: The Importance of “Hidden” Diversity

et al. 2018

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Microbial communities closely associated with the rhizosphere can have strong positive and negative impacts on plant health and growth. We used a group-specific amplicon approach to investigate local scale drivers in the diversity and distribution of plasmodiophorids in rhizosphere/root and bulk soil samples from oilseed rape (OSR) and wheat agri-systems. Plasmodiophorids are plant- and stramenopile-associated protists including well known plant pathogens as well as symptomless endobiotic species. We detected 28 plasmodiophorid lineages (OTUs), many of them novel, and showed that plasmodiophorid communities were highly dissimilar and significantly divergent between wheat and OSR rhizospheres and between rhizosphere and bulk soil samples. Bulk soil communities were not significantly different between OSR and wheat systems. Wheat and OSR rhizospheres selected for different plasmodiophorid lineages. An OTU corresponding to Spongospora nasturtii was positively selected in the OSR rhizosphere, as were two genetically distinct OTUs. Two novel lineages related to Sorosphaerula veronicae were significantly associated with wheat rhizosphere samples, indicating unknown plant-protist relationships. We show that group-targeted eDNA approaches to microbial symbiont-host ecology reveal significant novel diversity and enable inference of differential activity and potential interactions between sequence types, as well as their presence.

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Introduction

Cited by 14 publications

References 60 publications

Pathogenetic roles of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA5 in the exacerbation of symptoms and yield reduction, development of scab‐like symptoms, and Rz1‐resistance breaking in sugar beet

Pathogenetic roles of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA5 in the exacerbation of symptoms and yield reduction, development of scab‐like symptoms, and Rz1‐resistance breaking in sugar beet

Long Term Management of Rhizomania Disease—Insight Into the Changes of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-3 Observed Under Resistant and Non-resistant Sugar Beet Fields

Plant Rhizosphere Selection of Plasmodiophorid Lineages from Bulk Soil: The Importance of “Hidden” Diversity

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