Introduction

The effects of 5c,11c,14c-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3BSO) and 5c,11c,14c,17c-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4BSO), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contained in Biota orientalis seed oil (BSO), on lipid metabolism in rats were compared to the effects of fats rich in linoleic acid (LA) or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) under similar conditions. The potential effect of ethyl 20:4BSO as an essential fatty acid also was examined in comparison with the ethyl esters of LA, ALA and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). BSO- and ALA-rich fat decreased the concentration of plasma total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid as compared to LA-rich fat. BSO was more effective in reducing plasma cholesterol concentrations than was the ALA-rich fat. Dietary BSO markedly decreased the hepatic triglyceride concentration as compared to the LA-rich or ALA-rich fats. Aortic production of prostaglandin I2 tended to decrease in rats fed BSO or ALA-rich fat compared to those fed the LA-rich fat. Adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation was similar in the three groups. The proportion of arachidonic acid (AA) in liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) of rats fed BSO was lowest compared to that of rats fed ALA-rich or LA-rich fats. Administration of 20:4BSO, ALA or GLA to essential fatty acid-deficient rats decreased the ratio of 20:3n-9 to AA in liver PC to the same extent; administration of LA was more effective. The results indicate that the effects of specific PUFA contained in BSO on lipid metabolism are different from those of LA and ALA. It is also suggested that 20:4BSO may exhibit some essential fatty acid effects.

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FATTY ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRESHWATER MICROALGAE¹

Ahlgren

Gustafsson

Boberg

1992

Journal of Phycology

465

336

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Fatty acid (FA), total lipid, protein, amino acid, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content was analyzed in 24 samples of freshwater microalgae. The samples originated from batch, continuous, or mass cultures in various growth phases and from net samples from lakewater. FA were analyzed quantitatively by using an internal standard in a GLC system and expressed as mg·g−1 dry weight (DW). The FA of one group of blue‐greens (e.g. Oscillatoria and Microcystis) were similar to those of the greens with higher amounts of 18C acids of the ω3 type compared to the ω6 type, whereas the other group (e.g. Anabaena and Spirulina) contained mostly ω6 acids. The flagellates, a taxonomically diverse group, were characterized by high amounts of long‐chained (20–22 C) polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), particularly of the ω3 type. The ω3/ω6 ratio appears to be highest in algae in the exponential growth phase. The increased lipid content in stressed algae was mostly due to increased saturated fatty acids and ω6 acids, whereas the valuable ω3 acids were unchanged or even decreased. Amino acid composition (% of total amino acids) did not vary much betaken species, but when analyzed quantitatively (mg‐g−1 DW), varied considerably between species and within species in different growth phases. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents were variable in all three algal groups. The relationship between PUFA and phosphorus content differed among the algal groups. The data suggest that PUFA in the phospholipids consist mostly ω3 acids.

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Introduction

Cited by 10 publications

References 100 publications

Trans Fatty Acids and Cancer

Trans Fatty Acids and Cancer

5c, 11c, 14c‐Eicosatrienoic acid and 5c, 11c, 14c, 17c‐eicosatetraenoic acid ofBiota orientalis seed oil affect lipid metabolism in the rat

FATTY ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRESHWATER MICROALGAE¹

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Introduction

Cited by 10 publications

References 100 publications

Trans Fatty Acids and Cancer

Trans Fatty Acids and Cancer

5c, 11c, 14c‐Eicosatrienoic acid and 5c, 11c, 14c, 17c‐eicosatetraenoic acid ofBiota orientalis seed oil affect lipid metabolism in the rat

FATTY ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRESHWATER MICROALGAE1

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FATTY ACID CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRESHWATER MICROALGAE¹