Introduction

Grime, J. P.; Hodgson, J. G.; Hunt, R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1094-7_1

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Similar trends with increasing productivity have been reported in other systems (Fernandez Alés et al 1993;Turkington et al 1993;Sammul et al 2000;Dupre & Diekman 2001). The variation in response to productivity as a function of species size represents the C-S axis in Grime's CSR scheme, with larger species as Competitors able to exploit increasing resource availability, and small species as Stress-tolerators able to survive at low resource availability (Grime et al 1988).…”

Section:      :     ...supporting

confidence: 68%

Site productivity and plant size explain the response of annual species to grazing exclusion in a Mediterranean semi‐arid rangeland

2004

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Summary 1The response of an annual plant community to protection from grazing as a function of variation in site productivity was studied in a semi-arid Mediterranean rangeland in Israel over 4 years . The abundance of species was compared in grazed vs. ungrazed plots (exclosures) in four neighbouring topographic sites (south-and northfacing slopes, hilltop and Wadi shoulders), representing a gradient of resource availability and productivity. 2 Above-ground potential productivity at peak standing crop in spring (i.e. inside exclosures) varied considerably between years and topographic sites. Productivity was similar among the hilltop, south-and north-facing slopes, and was typical of semi-arid ecosystems (10 -200 g − 2 ). Productivity in the Wadi was consistently greater (up to 700 gand reached the range of subhumid grassland ecosystems. 3 The effect of grazing exclusion on the composition of the annual vegetation was productivity-dependent. Lower similarity (Sorenson's quantitative similarity index) between grazed and ungrazed subplots was observed in the productive Wadi compared with the less productive sites. The small-scale variation in grazing impact on species composition, due to differences in productivity, is consistent with models predicting similar trends in perennial grasslands across larger scale gradients. 4 The relationship between plant size (above-ground dry-weight), site productivity and response to fencing was analysed for the 36 most abundant annual species. Large species were more abundant in more productive sites, and small species at lower productivity, although few species were restricted to particular productivity levels. The response of individual species to protection from grazing was productivity dependent, with plant size playing a central role. Larger species tended to increase and small ones to decrease in abundance after fencing, with a mixed response in species with intermediate size. 5 A conceptual model is presented relating the response to protection from grazing along gradients of productivity to species plant size.

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Section:      :     ...supporting

confidence: 68%

Site productivity and plant size explain the response of annual species to grazing exclusion in a Mediterranean semi‐arid rangeland

2004

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“…Like in A . thaliana , environmental conditions such as sufficient precipitation and relatively short winters in these latitudes would allow for both summer annual and winter annual behavior [ 35 , 68 ]. Fast cycling lines harboring FRI loss-of-function alleles would be more likely to complete a full cycle before the onset of winter when germinating in late summer and, therefore, produce more offspring [ 69 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-European study of genotypes and phenotypes in the Arabidopsis relative Cardamine hirsuta reveals how adaptation, demography, and development shape diversity patterns

Baumgarten,

Pieper,

Song

et al. 2023

PLoS Biol

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We study natural DNA polymorphisms and associated phenotypes in the Arabidopsis relative Cardamine hirsuta. We observed strong genetic differentiation among several ancestry groups and broader distribution of Iberian relict strains in European C. hirsuta compared to Arabidopsis. We found synchronization between vegetative and reproductive development and a pervasive role for heterochronic pathways in shaping C. hirsuta natural variation. A single, fast-cycling ChFRIGIDA allele evolved adaptively allowing range expansion from glacial refugia, unlike Arabidopsis where multiple FRIGIDA haplotypes were involved. The Azores islands, where Arabidopsis is scarce, are a hotspot for C. hirsuta diversity. We identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in the heterochronic SPL9 transcription factor as a determinant of an Azorean morphotype. This QTL shows evidence for positive selection, and its distribution mirrors a climate gradient that broadly shaped the Azorean flora. Overall, we establish a framework to explore how the interplay of adaptation, demography, and development shaped diversity patterns of 2 related plant species.

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“…Although logistically challenging, it would be interesting to examine the role of both aphids and AM fungi on maternal effects in conditions where nutrients and/or water are limiting. As S. vulgaris can have three or four generations per year, it is certain that each generation will experience differences in temperatures and water availability [9]. Therefore, we suggest that experiments involving maternal effects need to be conducted where a range of biotic and abiotic factors are manipulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An excellent 'model plant' for studying maternal effects is the annual forb Senecio vulgaris L. In temperate areas the species shows little dormancy and can germinate at any time of year, giving rise to three or four generations in a year [9]. This species frequently self-pollinates and produces large amounts of viable seed when selfed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphids and Mycorrhizal Fungi Shape Maternal Effects in Senecio vulgaris

Chitty

Gange

2022

Plants

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Plant performance in any one generation is affected not only by the prevailing environmental conditions, but also by the conditions experienced by the parental generation of those plants. These maternal effects have been recorded in a many plant species, but the influence of external biotic (as opposed to abiotic) factors on shaping maternal effects have been rarely examined. Furthermore, almost all previous studies have taken place over one plant generation, rather than across multiple generations. Here, we studied the influence of insect herbivory and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonisation on the shaping of maternal effects in the annual forb Senecio vulgaris. We grew plants with and without aphids (Myzus persicae) and AM fungi (hereafter termed ‘induction events’) over four successive generations, wherein seeds from plants in any one treatment were used to grow plants of the same treatment in the next generation, all in identical environmental conditions. We found strong evidence of maternal effects in the second plant generation, i.e., after one induction event. These plants took longer to germinate, flowered in a shorter time, produced lighter seeds and were shorter and of lower biomass than their parents. Aphid attack tended to enhance these effects, whereas AM fungi had little influence. However, thereafter there was a gradual recovery in these parameters, so that plants experiencing three inductions showed similar life history parameters to those in the original generation. We conclude that experiments investigating maternal effects need to be performed over multiple plant generations and that biotic factors such as insects and mycorrhizas must also be taken into account, along with abiotic factors, such as nutrient and water availability.

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Introduction

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Site productivity and plant size explain the response of annual species to grazing exclusion in a Mediterranean semi‐arid rangeland

Site productivity and plant size explain the response of annual species to grazing exclusion in a Mediterranean semi‐arid rangeland

Pan-European study of genotypes and phenotypes in the Arabidopsis relative Cardamine hirsuta reveals how adaptation, demography, and development shape diversity patterns

Aphids and Mycorrhizal Fungi Shape Maternal Effects in Senecio vulgaris

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