Introductory Chapter: A Brief Introduction to Porous Ceramic

Al-Naib, Uday M. Basheer

doi:10.5772/intechopen.74747

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fig. 2 Classification of porous ceramics: reproduced with permission from Al-Naib (2018) 3. According to porosity: Based on porosity, super-high, high, and moderate.…”

Section: Classification Of Porous Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Ceramic Properties and Its Different Fabrication Process

Uthaman¹,

Lal²,

Thomas³

2021

Engineering Materials

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The unique compositions and outstanding properties of porous ceramic products make them useful in various application fields such as high-temperature thermal insulation, filtration, and catalytic reactions. This chapter aims to review the porous ceramics properties, classifications, and the different types of fabrication methods of porous ceramics. The readers can get a profound view of porous ceramic materials and their different fabrication methods such as particle stacking sintering, the addition of foaming, gel casting, sol-gel process, polymeric sponge, and freezedrying method. The fabrication process of porous ceramics can influence the quality of the final products.Recently, the utilization of porous ceramics has become great consideration due to its outstanding mechanical strength, chemical, abrasion resistance, etc. (Eom et al. 2013;Colombo 2008). Some benefits of porous ceramics are illustrated in Fig. 1. The broadly considering porous ceramics are silica, alumina, titania, magnesium oxide, zirconia, etc. (Colombo 2002). The pore structure, morphology, pore size, pore wall, porosity, the density of the pore strut, and interconnection of pores have a significant role in the properties of porous ceramics (Sakka 2005; Liu and Chen 2014). The particle size distribution of ceramic powders, the concentration of binder, types of binders, fabrication, etc., can influence the porosity and pore size (Ohji and Fukushima 2012). Typically, the particle size of raw ceramic powder is about two to five times greater than pores, for acquiring the needed pore size. And, the greatest service temperature of porous ceramics is around 1000-2000 °C. The pores are

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“…Fig. 2 Classification of porous ceramics: reproduced with permission from Al-Naib (2018) 3. According to porosity: Based on porosity, super-high, high, and moderate.…”

Section: Classification Of Porous Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Ceramic Properties and Its Different Fabrication Process

Uthaman¹,

Lal²,

Thomas³

2021

Engineering Materials

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“…At higher magnification, numerous pores in the range of 2-10 nm in diameter are visible throughout the coating. According to their size, the majority is classified as mesopores 35 being too small for observation in SEM, which rationalizes why the ceramic layer appeared smooth in the SE image. The existence of such uniform porosity strongly implies extensive gas-phase processes operating during thermal treatment of the polymeric single-source precursor (SSP) at temperatures up to 500 • C. On the one hand, this could be a consequence of the release of volatile species from the cellulose fiber while, on the other hand, it certainly involves gaseous compounds emanating from the polymer precursor itself during ceramization, causing the porosity observed in this F I G U R E 4 Bright-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM-BF) image of a fiber cross-section in the ceramic paper ammonolyzed at 500 • C. According to the corresponding chemical analyses, sites A and B relate to the carbon fiber core (A) and the ceramic coating (B), respectively.…”

Section: Ammonolysis At 500 • Cmentioning

confidence: 89%

Micro‐/nanostructure evolution of C/SiFeO(N,C) polymer‐derived ceramic papers pyrolyzed in a reactive ammonia atmosphere

et al. 2021

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SiFeO(N,C)-based ceramic papers were prepared via a one-pot synthesis approach by dip-coating a cellulose-based paper template with a polymeric perhydropolysilazane precursor modified with iron(III)acetylacetonate. The preceramic composites were subsequently pyrolyzed in ammonia atmosphere at 500, 700, and 1000 • C, respectively, and the characteristics of the three resulting ceramic papers were comparatively investigated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that in each sample, the morphology of the template is successfully transferred on the ceramic system, with the cellulosederived fibers being converted to elemental carbon encased by a SiFeO(N,C) coating. Electron transparent cross-sectional samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared from the ceramic papers, employing a standard ultramicrotomy slice cutting procedure, allowing for a detailed characterization of their in situ generated micro-/nanostructure as well as occurring crystalline phases.TEM imaging and diffraction revealed that depending on pyrolysis temperature a different microstructure with a distinct phase assemblage is generated in the polymer-derived ceramic papers. Crystallization from the polymer precursor starts with the precipitation of wüstite (Fe (1-x) O) nanoparticles at 700 • C inside the ceramic coating and secondary ε-Fe x N at the fiber-coating interface. Upon pyrolysis at 1000 • C however, the sample primarily accommodates metallic αiron nanocrystals that impart ferromagnetic characteristics to the ceramic paper.The results show that the template-assisted polymer-derived ceramic route is a feasible approach in the production of complex ceramic compounds with fibrous paper-like morphology. By adjusting the pyrolysis temperature, microstructure and phase composition of the ceramic paper can be conveniently tailored to the needs of its respective application.

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“…HA scaffold with greater pore size than the range has lower density, it caused by the space because of the greater pores. Low density makes HA scaffold has greater porosity, so that HA scaffold will be brittle, then the mechanical strength will be decreased according to the increasing of porosity [14]. Figure 3 shows the morphology of HA scaffold at 12 h and 16 h of stirring time.…”

Section: B Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Porous Hydroxyapatite Bodies Using Bamboo and Rattan Templates

Fadli¹,

Komalasari²,

Huda³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the International Conference of CELSciTech 2019 - Science and Technology Track (ICCELST-ST 2019)

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as bone graft in form of porous HA/scaffold. This research has a purpose to fabricate HA scaffold by using different biotemplates and determine which biotemplate will give well pore structure on produced HA scaffold. First, HA scaffold obtained used bamboo template. Templates were prepared by cutting bamboo into cylindrical shape and then extracted using ethanol and NaOH solution. Then dipped into mixed of sago starch, NaOH, and distilled water solution / grafting solution. Templates then soaked into CaCl 2 1 M solution and then impregnated in 0.6 M KH 2 PO 4 solution. Templates then dried at 110 0 C for 2 h. Second, HA scaffold obtained used rattan template. Templates were prepared by cutting rattan into cylindrical shape. Slurry was prepared by mixing HA, sago, distilled water and Darvan 821 A. Templates then impregnated into slurry and stirred coincidely. Templates then dried at 110 0 C for 1 h. Both templates obtained pore sizes at range 100-500 μm. According to physical properties, it is clear that rattan is more suitable for using as template in replica method. Sample of HA scaffold that produced at stirring time for 12 h has more similar physical properties with bone implant than other samples.

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Introductory Chapter: A Brief Introduction to Porous Ceramic

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Porous Ceramic Properties and Its Different Fabrication Process

Porous Ceramic Properties and Its Different Fabrication Process

Micro‐/nanostructure evolution of C/SiFeO(N,C) polymer‐derived ceramic papers pyrolyzed in a reactive ammonia atmosphere

Preparation of Porous Hydroxyapatite Bodies Using Bamboo and Rattan Templates

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