Introductory Chapter: Introducing Heavy Metals

Koller, Martin; Saleh, Hosam M.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.74783

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(53 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Heavy metals are natural elements with atomic number greater than 20, characterized by a relatively high density (at least 5 g cm −3 ), and are toxic even at low concentrations [1][2][3]. They are characteristically existing components found in changing variation in the environments and are part of human daily activities, they are also found in important structures and in a range of other artificial mixes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore at soil concentration above normal level, if permitted to accumulate in the food chain, heavy metals such as lead and cadmium can have adverse effects on human and animal health [14]. There is also the risk of leaching of heavy metals, and this may contaminate underground water and in turn affect human health, especially those that consume underground water through boreholes and well water [1]. The increase in industrialization and urbanization offers ascend to heavy metal pollution of the environment, which might have resulted from the discharge of effluents containing metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and mercury [6,7,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biosorption of heavy metal polluted soil using bacteria and fungi isolated from soil

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heavy metals polluted soils have turned out to be a common environmental problem across the globe due to their toxic effects and accumulation through the food chain. Heavy metals have lethal effects on all forms of life. For instance, plants grown on heavy metal polluted soil show a reduction in growth and yields. A surge in anthropogenic activities and industrial operations has substantially increased the level of heavy metal pollution and release into the environment; hence, there is need to remediate these heavy metal pollutants. Biosorption is an efficient, economical, ecofriendly and convenient techniques of remediating heavy metal polluted soils. It is a widely accepted method that utilizes biomaterials such as natural biomass as biosorbents. The current study was based on the biosorption of copper, chromium, cadmium and nickel polluted soil using bacteria and fungi isolated from soil. Bacterial species isolated were Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Escherichia, Streptococcus, Enterobacter and Staphylococcus while fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus flavus. The isolated bacteria were screened for potential to biosorb copper and chromium likewise fungi for cadmium and nickel. Biosorption rate was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Five milliliters each of a-day-old culture of the screened bacteria and fungi was inoculated into 45 ml of nutrient broth (bacteria) and potato dextrose broth (fungi) having concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm, respectively, of copper, chromium, cadmium and nickel. The conical flasks were incubated at a temperature of 37 °C and 28 °C ± 2 for bacteria and fungi, respectively, for a period of 35 days of inoculation. For the bacterial isolates, the highest biosorption rates of chromium (89.67%) and copper (90.89%) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed at 20 ppm on day 21 and 15 ppm on day 14, respectively, while for the fungi isolates, P. notatum showed highest biosorption rate for cadmium at 10 ppm with 77.67%. Aspergillus niger showed highest biosorption rate for nickel with 81.07% after 28 days of incubation. The results of this study revealed the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to biosorb copper and chromium and also A. niger and P. notatum to biosorb cadmium and nickel from the environment and can be developed for the biosorption of soils polluted with copper, chromium, cadmium and nickel.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosorption of heavy metal polluted soil using bacteria and fungi isolated from soil

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Apart from minerals resources (including heavy metals) that may be found in many salt lakebeds, domestic and industrial use of salt lake water which may negatively affect the wellbeing of flora and fauna have been reported [1]. On that note, Heavy metal refers to any metal and metalloid element that has a relatively high density (usually 5 gcm −3 or more) with atomic mass above 23 [2]. They are found widely in the earth's crust and are non-biodegradable in nature [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in Keana Salt Lake and Some Sources of Drinking Water Within the Keana Salt Lake Community, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Ogah¹

2020

SJAC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Utilization of Salt Lake may portend risk in terms of environmental and human health. The study aimed at analyzing for selected metallic ions in Keana Salt Lake and sources of drinking water in Keana Salt Lake Community, so as to identify and determine the amount of heavy metals in comparison with WHO (World Health Organization) permissible limits. Heavy metals analyzed in the study includes Lead (mg/L), Cadmium (mg/L), Copper (mg/L), Iron (mg/L), Nickel (mg/L), Manganese (mg/L), Aluminum (mg/L), Zinc (mg/L), Cobalt (mg/L), Arsenic (mg/L) and Chromium (mg/L). Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to analyze five samples collected in triplicates from well water (WW), Salt Lake water (SLW) Filtrate from salt lake water (FSLW), non-motorized borehole (BH1) and motorized borehole (BH2) located within Keana community, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Study findings indicate that while Cobalt was not detected in any of the water samples, mean concentration values for Zinc, Copper and Alumunium were within permissible limits set by WHO. Furthermore, mean concentration values for Manganese, Chromium, Iron, Nickel, Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic exceeded WHO permissible limits. Mean concentration levels of some heavy metals analyzed in the study shows that utilizing water in the study area may be hazardous to environmental health. The study recommends regular treatment of water from the study area before utilization by the populace.

show abstract

“…Heavy metal contamination is one of the present environmental challenges in both developed and developing economies which is principally associated to rapid industrialization and expansion of manufacturing power among nations [6]. Heavy metals are naturally occurring metals with relatively high densities (≥ 5g/cm 3 (> 20) or high atomic weight [7]. Based on this definition, majority of the known elements in the Universe might be included, however, the persistence and toxicity of some of the metals even at very low concentration qualified them for inclusion into a group called toxic heavy metals which are environmentally and clinically more important [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this definition, majority of the known elements in the Universe might be included, however, the persistence and toxicity of some of the metals even at very low concentration qualified them for inclusion into a group called toxic heavy metals which are environmentally and clinically more important [8]. However, some of the heavy metals are economically important and many others are indispensable for life in the biosphere even at trace level [7]. Environmental pollution due to heavy metals is one of the major health and environmental challenges; as it leads to toxicity, risk to human survival and disrupts ecological balance [9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Resistance by Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Guava (Psidium Guajava) and Mango (Mangifera Indica) Leaves

Riskuwa-Shehu

Ismail

Ijah³

2019

Int. Ann. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heavy metal resistant bacteria are widespread in nature and their application in decontamination of polluted ecosystems is promising. In this study, ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from Psidium guajava (Guava) and Mangifera indica (Mango) for heavy metal resistance was assessed. Leaves samples form the two plants were collected and processed according to the standard laboratory practices. Heavy metals were analyzed using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Endophytic bacteria were isolated and identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics; heavy metal resistance was determined by plate dilution method. Heavy metal analysis revealed that the leaves samples contained considerable quantities of Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) ranging from 1.21±1.6 mg/Kg (for Cd in Guava leaves) to 116.58±1.3 mg/Kg (for Mn in Mango leaves). A total of six bacterial species were isolated from both of the plants leaves (3 each). Guava endophytes were identified as Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus albus and Staphylococcus seiuri whereas Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylulose and Staphylococcus intermedius were from Mango leaves. The identified isolates were tested for ability to resist heavy metals in-vitro and were capable of showing different patterns of resistance to MnCl2, PbCl2 and CdCl2. All the endophytes were highly resistant to PbCl2 followed by MnCl2 but susceptible to CdCl2. The ability of plants and bacterial endophytes understudy to tolerate or resist heavy metals is a good indication of their phytoremediation potentials and thus, should be harnessed.

show abstract

Introductory Chapter: Introducing Heavy Metals

Cited by 71 publications

References 48 publications

Biosorption of heavy metal polluted soil using bacteria and fungi isolated from soil

Biosorption of heavy metal polluted soil using bacteria and fungi isolated from soil

Heavy Metals in Keana Salt Lake and Some Sources of Drinking Water Within the Keana Salt Lake Community, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Heavy Metal Resistance by Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Guava (Psidium Guajava) and Mango (Mangifera Indica) Leaves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About