Introductory Chapter: The Chemical Basis of Neural Function and Dysfunction

Heinbockel, Thomas; Csóka, Antonei B.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.89072

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Progressive neurodegeneration with concomitant cognitive and neurological deficits are the major manifestations of several brain ailments, such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Synaptic waning and impaired long-lasting potentiation because of the decreased expression of neurotrophins (e.g., neurotrophic factors, abrineurin, and neural development factors), neurochemical aberrations (e.g., acetylcholine, glutamate, monoamines, and γ -aminobutyric acid), neuropeptides (e.g., oxytocin, substance P, somatostatin, and orexin), and changes in the internal milieu of the brain leads to deterioration of short term and long-term memory [ 1 ]. Excitatory pathways mediated by glutamatergic receptors are often allied with the consolidation of long-term memory in the hippocampus and cortex of the brain [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Insight into Diosmin-Induced Neuroprotection and Memory Improvement in Intracerebroventricular-Quinolinic Acid Rat Model: Resurrection of Mitochondrial Functions and Antioxidants

Huang

Singh²,

Kainth³

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Neurodegeneration is the final event after a cascade of pathogenic mechanisms in several brain disorders that lead to cognitive and neurological loss. Quinolinic acid (QA) is an excitotoxin derived from the tryptophan metabolism pathway and is implicated in several ailments, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and psychosis disease. Diosmin (DSM) is a natural flavonoid possessing such properties that may halt the course of neurodegenerative progression. In past studies, free radical scavenging, along with properties, such as antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and vasoactive properties, of DSM were pragmatic. Hence, in the current experimentations, the neuroprotective activity of DSM was investigated in the QA rat prototype. QA was administered through the intracerebroventricular route (QA-ICV) in rats on day one, and DSM (50 and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal route) was given from day 1 to 21. Memory, gait, sensorimotor functions, and biomarkers of oxidative mutilation and mitochondrial functions were evaluated in the whole brain. Results showed significant deterioration of sensorimotor performance, gait, and working- and long-term memory in rats by QA-ICV. These behavioral anomalies were significantly attenuated by DSM (50 and 100 mg/kg) and donepezil (standard drug). QA-ICV-induced decrease in body mass (g), diet, and water ingestion were also attenuated by DSM or donepezil treatments. QA-ICV inhibited mitochondrial complex I and II activities that caused an increase in oxidative and nitrosative stress along with a reduction in endogenous antioxidants in the brain. DSM dose-dependently ameliorated mitochondrial functions and decreased oxidative stress in QA-ICV-treated rats. DSM can be a possible alternative in treating neurodegenerative disorders with underlying mitochondrial dysfunction pathology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Insight into Diosmin-Induced Neuroprotection and Memory Improvement in Intracerebroventricular-Quinolinic Acid Rat Model: Resurrection of Mitochondrial Functions and Antioxidants

Huang

Singh²,

Kainth³

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…In several ecosystems, the interaction between microorganisms and their host depends mainly on the production of different chemicals, some of which are neurochemicals (Oleskin et al 2017). Neurochemicals have been defined as chemical substances that affect the function of the nervous system (Heinbockel and Csoka 2019). These compounds, which are produced not only by animals but also by plants and microorganisms, play several roles such as neurotransmitters, neurohormones, and neuromodulators (Roshchina 2016;Heinbockel and Csoka 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2017). Neurochemicals have been defined as chemical substances that affect the function of the nervous system (Heinbockel and Csoka 2019). These compounds, which are produced not only by animals but also by plants and micro‐organisms, play several roles such as neurotransmitters, neurohormones and neuromodulators (Roshchina 2016; Heinbockel and Csoka 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial production of beneficial indoleamines (serotonin and melatonin) with potential application to biotechnological products for human health

2021

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Microorganisms have showed the ability to produce biologically active compounds associated with neurotransmission in higher organisms. In particular, serotonin-and melatonin-producing microbes are valuable sources for the development of eco-friendly bioproducts. Serotonin and melatonin are indoleamines that have received special attention due to their positive effects on human health. These biomolecules exert a critical role in several physiological or pathological processes, including some mental and neurological disorders. This article includes a review of the microbial production of serotonin and melatonin, their functions in microorganisms, and their potential uses as therapeutic and/or preventive agents to improve human health. A description of the quantification methods employed to detect indoleamines and the evidence found concerning their microbial production at lab and industrial scale-for application in biotechnological productsis also provided. The microbial ability to synthesize beneficial indoleamines should be further studied and harnessed, in order to allow the development of sustainable bioprocesses to produce foods and pharmaceuticals for human health.

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Ethyl acetate fraction of Tamarindus indica leaf ameliorates aluminium chloride induced neural damage in neonatal Wistar rats

Usman¹,

Agbon²,

Ivang³

et al. 2023

Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals

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Introductory Chapter: The Chemical Basis of Neural Function and Dysfunction

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Mechanistic Insight into Diosmin-Induced Neuroprotection and Memory Improvement in Intracerebroventricular-Quinolinic Acid Rat Model: Resurrection of Mitochondrial Functions and Antioxidants

Mechanistic Insight into Diosmin-Induced Neuroprotection and Memory Improvement in Intracerebroventricular-Quinolinic Acid Rat Model: Resurrection of Mitochondrial Functions and Antioxidants

Microbial production of beneficial indoleamines (serotonin and melatonin) with potential application to biotechnological products for human health

Ethyl acetate fraction of Tamarindus indica leaf ameliorates aluminium chloride induced neural damage in neonatal Wistar rats

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