2018
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3767
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Introgression of exotic Cervus (nippon and canadensis) into red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations in Scotland and the English Lake District

Abstract: Since the mid‐19th century, multiple introductions of Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon) and North American wapiti (C. canadensis) have taken place in the British Isles. While wapiti have generally been unsuccessful, sika have been very successful, especially in Scotland where they now overlap at least 40% of the range of native red deer (C. elaphus). Hybridization between these two species and red deer has been demonstrated in captivity and in the wild. Using a panel of 22 microsatellite loci that are … Show more

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Cited by 33 publications
(72 citation statements)
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References 53 publications
(117 reference statements)
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“…The time of divergence between chital and Axis porcinus occurred during the Pliocene, approximately 2.6 Mya, and a number of mitochondrial haplotypes exclusive to each species have been detected, as seen in the haplotype network presented in this study (Gilbert et al, 2006;Gupta et al, 2018;Hassanin et al, 2012). The presence of these species-specific haplotypes suggests that incomplete lineage sorting is unlikely to be a factor in- (Smith, Carden, Coad, Birkitt, & Pemberton, 2014;Smith et al, 2018). In both cases, hybridization occurs between the female of the larger deer species (chital and red deer) and the male of the smaller deer species (hog deer and sika deer), and with males generally being the larger sex this hybridization pattern may be reflective of the phenotypic limitations that the reciprocal cross would present.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 49%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The time of divergence between chital and Axis porcinus occurred during the Pliocene, approximately 2.6 Mya, and a number of mitochondrial haplotypes exclusive to each species have been detected, as seen in the haplotype network presented in this study (Gilbert et al, 2006;Gupta et al, 2018;Hassanin et al, 2012). The presence of these species-specific haplotypes suggests that incomplete lineage sorting is unlikely to be a factor in- (Smith, Carden, Coad, Birkitt, & Pemberton, 2014;Smith et al, 2018). In both cases, hybridization occurs between the female of the larger deer species (chital and red deer) and the male of the smaller deer species (hog deer and sika deer), and with males generally being the larger sex this hybridization pattern may be reflective of the phenotypic limitations that the reciprocal cross would present.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 49%
“…These have typically arisen from the mating of a male hog deer with a female chital, as seen in the present study with the presence of chital haplotypes in the maternally inherited mitochondrial genome. Similar unidirectional hybridization has been reported in red deer and sika deer hybrids, with genetic contributions from female red deer and male sika deer being reported a majority of the time when analyzed throughout Ireland and the UK (Smith, Carden, Coad, Birkitt, & Pemberton, ; Smith et al, ). In both cases, hybridization occurs between the female of the larger deer species (chital and red deer) and the male of the smaller deer species (hog deer and sika deer), and with males generally being the larger sex this hybridization pattern may be reflective of the phenotypic limitations that the reciprocal cross would present.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 55%
“…This study demonstrates that contemporary populations of wildliving cats can be considered to be a hybrid swarm (Mayr, 1963) of genetically intermediate types and do not appear to display the more bimodal distribution of hybrid scores attributably to systems where hybridization is rare (e.g., as displayed in Cervus elaphus and C. nippon in Scotland with some localized exceptions (Goodman et al, 1999;Senn & Pemberton, 2009;Smith et al, 2018). A question to be resolved in more detail is what the spatial and temporal patterns of the progression of hybridization have been.…”
Section: The Status Of Wildcat Hybridization In Scotlandmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…However, we cannot discount the possibility of hybridization prior to introduction to Scotland, as hybridization was recorded in the Irish source population in the 1880’s (Powerscourt 1884). Previous research in Kintyre used 22 diagnostic microsatellites to determine that there is a range of admixture proportions and that backcrossed individuals are common (Senn et al 2010a; Smith et al 2018). The use of a diagnostic mitochondrial marker demonstrated the existence of backcrosses with very low levels of nuclear introgression, beyond the detection of the microsatellite markers (Smith et al 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%