“…A significant groundwater level drawdown in large cities in Indonesia (Wirakusumah & Danaryanto, 2004;Taniguchi, Burnett, & Ness, 2008;Hosono, et al, 2011;Kagabu, et al, 2011, 2012, Taufiq, et al, 2018a, has caused many subsurface issues: land subsidence (Taufiq, 2010;Sarah, et al, 2018;Bandono, 1983;DGTL & Dinas Pertambangan DKI Jakarta, 1996;Ramdhan & Hutasoit, 2007), seawater intrusion (Hehanusa, 1979;Djijono, 2002;Setiawan, et al, 2017, groundwater pollution (Hosono, et al, 2009;Taufiq, et al, 2019), the increase of groundwater temperature (Lubis, et al, 2013), groundwater mixing (Taufiq, et al, 2018b), groundwater age rejuvenation (Kagabu, et al, 2012;Taufiq, et al, 2018a) and others.…”