Intrusions in alzheimer's disease in immediate and delayed memory as a function of presentation modality

Abstract

Young and elderly participants, and participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were compared via the suffix paradigm, where a not-to-be-recalled item is appended onto sequences to be immediately recalled. This task was followed by delayed tasks. In immediate recall, AD subjects showed both extralist and suffix intrusions. Recall of auditorily as compared with visually presented stimuli was superior, with the difference increasing in older subjects. The auditory but not the visual suffix produced an end-of-sequence decrement, which was greater in AD than in other groups. After delay, the elderly and young showed virtually perfect performance. The AD participants showed relatively high performance; however, extralist intrusions were frequent, resulting in a relatively low hit rate. As in immediate recall, intrusions showed specificity for AD, and in this paradigm appeared to be a marker differentiating AD and normal subjects. However, the sample size limits the power and generalizability of these findings.

Cognitive changes in mild cognitive impairment patients with impaired visual recognition memory.

“…The fact that the DMS48– group was impaired when compared with the DMS48+ group on the number of intrusions performed during free recall may be suggestive of AD, as this feature has been reported to be a hallmark of this disease (Manning, Greenhut-Wertz, & Mackell, 1996; Fuld, Katzman, Davies, & Terry, 1982). Efficiency of cueing was also found to be lower, as already found in a previous study, and suggestive of a genuine memory impairment related to medial temporal dysfunction rather than an apparent memory dysfunction related to frontal dysfunction (Barbeau et al, 2004).…”

Temporal associations and prior-list intrusions in free recall.

“…It is known, for instance, that older adults tend to commit more intrusions in episodic recall than do young adults (Balota et al, 1999; Kahana, Howard, Zaromb, & Wingfield, 2002; Zacks, Radvansky, & Hasher, 1996). Furthermore, both intrusion rates and types of intrusions committed may have diagnostic value for clinical dementias and in particular for Alzheimer's disease (Davis, Price, Kaplan, & Libon, 2002; Fuld, Katzman, Davies, & Terry, 1982; Manning, Greenhut-Wertz, & Mackell, 1996; Watson, Balota, & Sergent-Marshall, 2001).…”

Disrupted memory inhibition in dementia of Alzheimer’s type

“…These intrusions may reflect an inability to inhibit irrelevant or inappropriate memories from entering consciousness. Correspondingly, several studies reported specific deficits in tasks that have been suggested to involve cognitive inhibition mechanisms, for example, the Stroop task (Spieler, Balota, & Faust, 1996), negative priming (Vaughan et al ., 2006) or directed forgetting (Manning, Greenhut‐Wertz, & Mackell, 1996). Furthermore, inhibitory deficits in individuals with DAT may lead to impaired performance on word recall (Fuld, Katzman, Davies, & Terry, 1982) and sentence comprehension (Faust, Balota, Duchek, Gernsbacher, & Smith, 1997).…”