Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure

Snegireva, A. V.; Chernova, Tatyana; Ageeva, Marina; Lev‐Yadun, Simcha; Горшкова, Т. А.

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plv061

Cited by 51 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Secondary fibers start to develop more than half a meter away from stem top (Figure 2B), as demonstrated for several monoecious varieties [7,8,[14][15][16]. Their developmental gradient can be traced within the stem radius: the closer to the cambium, the younger the secondary fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Primary phloem fibers of hemp stem start intrusive elongation rather soon after being initiated from meristematic cells [8] (Figure 2A, B). Only shortly primary fibers grow symplastically with the surrounding cells and then increase the rate of elongation.…”

Section: Intrusive Elongation Of Primary and Secondary Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only shortly primary fibers grow symplastically with the surrounding cells and then increase the rate of elongation. By symplastic elongation, primary phloem fibers of hemp attain the length of 200 μm [8] (Figure 2B). The start of the primary fiber intrusive growth is marked by the formation of the so-called "knee": the flat tip of the symplastically growing cell is transformed into the tapered one to effectively intrude the surrounding tissues [8,19,22].…”

Section: Intrusive Elongation Of Primary and Secondary Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We will consider the biological determinants of hemp fiber quality, comparing primary and secondary hemp fibers. Being developed within the same plant, primary and secondary hemp fibers differ significantly in morphology, cell wall organization, and as a consequence in quality [7][8][9], giving the possibility to understand how developmental processes influence quality parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total amount of secondary fibers in the hemp stem is around 2 million, much higher than the number of primary fibers [14]. From that, only small proportion of cambium cells (around 10%) give rise to secondary phloem fibers [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Development of Hemp Fibers: The Key Components of Hemp Plastic Composites

Tatyana¹,

Mikshina²,

Vadim³

et al. 2018

Natural and Artificial Fiber-Reinforced Composites as Renewable Sources

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Plant fibers in general and hemp fibers in particular have great prospects for their use in various innovative applications such as ecological, biodegradable, and renewable resources with unique properties. Such properties together with the increased strength due to high-cellulose content and specific morphological parameters are widely used to produce plant fiber-based plastic composites. The properties of plant fibers that may influence the properties of composites depend on crop processing, but the basis for them is provided during fiber development in planta. It is known that two types of bast fibers are developed in the hemp stem: primary fibers formed from procambium cells and secondary fibers that originate as a result of cambium activity. Both types of fibers may significantly vary in their yield and quality depending on the variety and growth conditions. Differences in the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the two types of hemp fibers, together with peculiarities in the composition and architecture of cell wall, influence the technical parameters of the raw material quality. Based on our study of both primary and secondary fiber development in hemp stem that was focused on the two key stages, intrusive elongation and deposition of thick cell wall layers, we suggest the set of parameters that can influence the quality of the mature fibers and trace their biological origin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Intrusive Elongation Of Primary and Secondary Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intrusive Elongation Of Primary and Secondary Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Development of Hemp Fibers: The Key Components of Hemp Plastic Composites

Tatyana¹,

Mikshina²,

Vadim³

et al. 2018

Natural and Artificial Fiber-Reinforced Composites as Renewable Sources

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Bark

Lev‐Yadun¹

2022

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Bark comprises all the tissues outside the vascular cambium of seed plants. Most of the bark of woody plants develops from three secondary meristems: the vascular cambium that gives rise to the secondary phloem, the phellogen that gives rise to the cork and the dilatation meristem that produces parenchyma cells to prevent cracking when the axis increases in diameter. Some of the outer bark in young organs is made of primary tissues originating in the procambium, the ground meristem and the protoderm. Bark tissues have a critical role in defending plants from pathogens and herbivores through their physical and chemical properties. They also defend from environmental hazards such as sun irradiation, desiccation, wind, flooding, hail, snow and when the cork is thick, also from fire. The bark has a critical role in storage and transport of organic molecules and water, and in many plants contributes to photosynthesis. Many of the various defensive and toxic substances found in barks are used by humans as medicines, spices and for various industries. Gene exploring in barks that became more common in recent years is expected to result in identifying many beneficial molecules for agriculture, medicine, food and the industry. Key Concepts Bark comprises all the tissues outside the vascular cambium of a vascular plant. The majority of the bark of woody plants develops from three meristems: the vascular cambium that gives rise to the secondary phloem, the phellogen that gives rise to the cork and dilatation meristem that produces parenchyma cells to avoid cracking when the axis increases in diameter. The formation of the bark is regulated by several plant hormones, mainly auxin, ethylene, jasmonates and gibberellins. After wounding, the induced rise in the hormones ethylene and jasmonic acid induces the formation of defensive (wound) cork and traumatic resin or gum ducts in many species. The bark functions in storage, transport and defence from herbivores, pathogens and environmental stresses including sun irradiation and fire. Many bark products (e.g. fibres, food, medicine, resins, rubber, pigments, poisons, cork) have been used by humans since antiquity. Defence from herbivores included prickles, thorns, toxins, mechanical hardness, aposematic (warning) colouration, plant camouflage and undermining herbivore camouflage.

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Variation in Angiosperm Wood Structure and Its Physiological and Evolutionary Significance

Spicer

2016

Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics of Angiosperm Trees

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Intrusive growth of primary and secondary phloem fibres in hemp stem determines fibre-bundle formation and structure

Cited by 51 publications

References 33 publications

Development of Hemp Fibers: The Key Components of Hemp Plastic Composites

Development of Hemp Fibers: The Key Components of Hemp Plastic Composites

Bark

Variation in Angiosperm Wood Structure and Its Physiological and Evolutionary Significance

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