Intumescent polybutylene succinate: Ethylenediamine phosphate and synergists

Xiao, Fei; Fontaine, Gaëlle; Bourbigot, Serge

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109707

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Besides, the bands at 173. 9 After combustion, the top and bottom chars of PBS/PAPP20% show similar broad bands at around 128 ppm, corresponding to the aromatic and/or polyaromatic species owing to the cyclization process. 39 With the partial substitution of PAPP with 5 wt % zinc borate, the 13 C NMR spectrum of unburned PBS/PAPP15%/ZnB5% presents similar signals to that of unburned PBS/PAPP20%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Another signal is observed at around 0.5 ppm, ascribed to the BO 4 sites of zinc borate. 25 After burning, the 11 B NMR spectrum of the bottom char layer of PBS/PAPP15%/ZnB5% shows a strong signal at around −3.9 ppm, indicating the presence of boron phosphate, 9 confirming the 31 P NMR results. Moreover, a weak shoulder peak at around 0.5 ppm is detected, which is assigned to BO 4 units of unreacted zinc borate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…5−7 In our previous studies, different intumescent systems were used to enhance the fire retardancy of PBS, such as the ammonium polyphosphate system 8 and the ethylenediamine phosphate system. 9,10 Inspired by these studies, in this study, piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) is selected as an intumescent system to flame retard PBS. As an all-in-one intumescent flame retardant, PAPP has attracted growing interest due to its high thermal decomposition temperature (temperature of 5% mass loss > 300 °C) 11 and good catalytic carbonization performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, the test specimens were prepared by hot-pressing, and the detailed preparation process has been reported elsewhere. 9 2.3. Characterizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of Flame Retardancy and Antidripping Properties of Intumescent Polybutylene Succinate Combining Piperazine Pyrophosphate and Zinc Borate

Xiao

Fontaine

Bourbigot

2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Developing flame-retarded polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a challenging task owing to its high flammability, noncharring, and melt-dripping during burning. In this work, based on the synergistic combination between piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and zinc borate (ZnB), a promising intumescent PBS system was developed as an efficient strategy to impart PBS with improved flame retardancy and antidripping properties. The results showed that PBS/PAPP15%/ZnB5% passed V-0 rating in the UL-94 vertical burning test (3 mm), while only a V-2 rating was achieved for PBS/PAPP20%. Compared to PBS/PAPP20%, the combination of PAPP and zinc borate (ratio of 15:5) led to significant reductions in the peak heat release rate (pHRR, −55%), fire growth rate index (FIGRA, −40%), and maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE, −47%) evaluated by mass loss cone calorimetry. Meanwhile, the flame retardancy index of PBS/PAPP15%/ZnB5% reached up to 5.18 and the flameout time significantly increased to 1049 s. Fourier transform infrared and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance analyses were employed to gain insight into the reaction-to-fire mechanism in the condensed phase. The results confirmed the fact that the formation of a crackfree protective intumescent char layer, reinforced by thermally stable inorganic species (boron−zinc phosphates), effectively restricted the heat and fuel transfer between condensed and gas phases, hence resulting in the excellent enhancement in flame retardancy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, the test specimens were prepared by hot-pressing, and the detailed preparation process has been reported elsewhere. 9 2.3. Characterizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improvement of Flame Retardancy and Antidripping Properties of Intumescent Polybutylene Succinate Combining Piperazine Pyrophosphate and Zinc Borate

Xiao

Fontaine

Bourbigot

2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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show abstract

“…NH 3 further reacts with oxygen to form noncombustible N 2 , diluting the concentration of combustible gas in the gas phase. More importantly, the peaks of PO at 1245 cm −1 69 and PO at 1070 cm −1 60,70 indicated that the thermal decomposition of LFPN releases small phosphorous fragments in the gas phase 71 . These small phosphorous fragments could further participate in free radical competition reactions and interrupt combustion chain reactions 72 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green biobased P‐N coating: Towards waste‐minimization flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam

Piao

Ren

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The increasing consumption of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) has caused two significant threats: fire hazards and environmental pollution. More seriously, while waste FPUFs can cause pollution, using many flame retardants also results in significant environmental hazards. Here, the novel process to realize the full lifecycle sustainable utilization of flame retardant FPUF was proposed. First, the biobased P‐N coating (LFPN) was green synthesized by mechanochemistry, and the FPUF was finished by polyelectrolyte‐assisted deposition technology. The fire performance index of FPUF was improved by 110.6% after being treated via LFPN. Moreover, the compression resistance of FPUF was enhanced without affecting the resilience. In order to extend the service life for FPUF, FPUF@LFPN can be reused as a sewage treatment material to remove metal pollution from water. Ultimately, the FPUF@LFPN absorbed metals can be converted into high‐value products such as metal oxide/carbon composites through the metal catalytic pyrolysis technique. This process can effectively reduce the fire and environmental hazards caused by FPUF and may provide an innovative train of thought for the green and sustainable use of other porous polymer materials.

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Optimization of intumescent flame retardant system based on ammonium polyphosphate, double pentaerythritol, and zinc borate for thermoplastic polyurethane composite

Li,

Bai,

Hao

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The widespread industrial applications of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are partially limited by its flammability. The design of high‐performance intumescent flame retardants (IFR) is of great significance for enhancing flame retardant (FR) performance of TPU. In this work, an IFR system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), double pentaerythritol (DPER), and zinc borate (ZB) is proposed. The optimized experimental parameters with 15 wt.% additive amount of FR, APP‐DPER weight ratio of 2.28:1 and 15.56 wt.% ZB content are regulated based on Box–Behnken design‐response surface methodology (BBD‐RSM) to obtain TPU/FR composite with superior limiting oxygen index value of 30.2%. Noticeably, the design efficiency of TPU/FR composite is significantly improved by utilizing BBD‐RSM. Results of vertical burning test show that the optimized TPU/FR composite passes UL 94 V‐0 rating and peak heat release rate is dramatically reduced from 1355.88 (neat TPU) to 201.01 KW/m2 through cone calorimeter test. In addition, scanning electron microscopy accompanied with Raman spectroscopy are conducted to characterize the morphology and composition of residual char for further exploring the FR mechanism of IFR system in TPU. The as‐prepared TPU/FR composite has provided new potential application in engineering fields.

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Intumescent polybutylene succinate: Ethylenediamine phosphate and synergists

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Improvement of Flame Retardancy and Antidripping Properties of Intumescent Polybutylene Succinate Combining Piperazine Pyrophosphate and Zinc Borate

Improvement of Flame Retardancy and Antidripping Properties of Intumescent Polybutylene Succinate Combining Piperazine Pyrophosphate and Zinc Borate

Green biobased P‐N coating: Towards waste‐minimization flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam

Optimization of intumescent flame retardant system based on ammonium polyphosphate, double pentaerythritol, and zinc borate for thermoplastic polyurethane composite

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