Intussusception in Dogs Following Renal Homograft Transplantation

An Evaluation of Combined Immunosuppression with MNA 715 and Microemulsified Cyclosporine on Renal Allograft Rejection in Mismatched Mongrel Dogs

“…To the authors' knowledge, intestinal intussusception has not been reported in control dogs undergoing renal transplantation without immunosuppression (n = 41) 5,7–9,17,32 . Intestinal intussusception is reported in canine renal recipients treated with azathioprine and corticosteroid alone (15% [2 of 13], 33 17% [1 of 6], 34 25% [12/48] 35 ) or in combination with cyclosporine (19% [3 of 16] 13 ). Post‐transplantation intussusception has also been reported in canine renal recipients treated with tacrolimus (8% [3 of 36]), 5 rapamycin and cyclosporine (16% [7 of 45]), 16 SDZ‐IMM‐125, a cyclosporine analog (13% [5 of 38]), 32 and leflunomide and cyclosporine (9% [2 of 23], 17 33% [2 of 6] 18 ).…”

Immunosuppression with a combination of the leflunomide analog, FK778, and microemulsified cyclosporine for renal transplantation in mongrel dogs

“…Acute postoperative intestinal intussusception is reported as a frequent complication of experimental renal transplantation in dogs, occurring in up to 25% of animals (21), and has been observed with a wide range of immunosuppressive protocols, including combinations of leflunomide and cyclosporine (13,14). In both our studies, dogs were treated with an opioid (morphine or oxymorphone), which increases intestinal smooth-muscle tone and decreases propulsive activity, and is reported to reduce the prevalence of intestinal intussusception in dogs after transplantation (22).…”

Outcome after Renal Transplantation in 26 Dogs

“…Intussusception has been reported in numerous experimental studies of canine organ transplantation and the immunosuppressive drugs are considered as the major contributor. It has occurred with numerous different immunosuppressive drug protocols including CsA, azathioprine, and leflunomide . Intraoperative morphine administration has been shown to reduce the rate of posttransplantation intussusception and this therapy was included in the standard treatment protocol for all the dogs in our study .…”