Invasion ecology goes to town: from disdain to sympathy

Cavin, Joëlle Salomon; Kull, Christian A.

doi:10.1007/s10530-017-1588-9

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…This is all the more obvious in recent articles in which ecologists offer recommendations regarding future urban planning. Contributing to existing discussions on imaginaries and more specifically urban imaginaries, their performative dimensions (Helliwell et al, 2020;Salomon Cavin and Kull, 2017;Watkins, 2015) and their political implications (Slater, 2009), our analysis highlights that urban imaginaries in ecology becoming more complex and ambivalent coincides with the development of ideas around planning and an increase in conceptual debates on cities and urbanisation. Future studies focusing on ecological planning within the city and the role played by ecological science within urban planning projects, as well as studies based on interviews with ecologists, could further highlight the performative aspects of ecology's urban imaginaries.…”

Section: Mean Distance Examplesupporting

confidence: 58%

Is ecology anti-urban? Urban ideas and imaginaries across one hundred years of ecological publications

Flaminio

Cavin

Moretti

2022

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space

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This paper investigates urban imaginaries conveyed in publications in ecology over the past century. We examine some urban ecologists’ view that urban areas have been disregarded by ecology due to negative views on cities and urbanisation. Inspired by previous work on imaginaries in social and cultural geography and political ecology, and by textual data analysis methods, we adopted a methodological framework that applies both quantitative and qualitative methods in the analysis of a corpus of 960 articles (published 1922–2018) drawn from 10 long-standing international journals in ecology. Our hypothesis is that ecology has embraced an anti-urban imaginary that is manifested in urban invisibility as well as the recurrent expression of negative ideas about cities (constituting an ‘anti-urban bias’). Our results partially confirm this hypothesis. We show that until the 1970s only a few papers were published on cities. We identify nine main themes relating to cities around which ideas about cities have been constructed (threats, pests, refuges, fragmentation, gradients, pollution, homogenisation, planetary urbanisation, and planning) and show how these ideas have been mobilised in the articles since the 1920s. We discuss the way in which these evolving ideas reflect a move from an essentially anti-urban imaginary to a more complex and ambivalent one. This shift coincides with the rise of the idea of planetary urbanisation in ecological publications, increasing recommendations regarding urban planning, and more generally, growing conceptual debates on the ecological impact of cities.

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Section: Mean Distance Examplesupporting

confidence: 58%

Is ecology anti-urban? Urban ideas and imaginaries across one hundred years of ecological publications

Flaminio

Cavin

Moretti

2022

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space

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“…Developed areas were oversampled overall in all but three datasets (KMN, NTNU and Jordal); when focusing on either red‐listed or alien records, the same pattern emerges, with the exception of the Jordal dataset being oversampled and the UiO Plant Obs being under‐sampled for red‐listed species. This pattern likely has multiple underlying causes: despite a general omission of cities in ecological history (reviewed by Salomon Cavin & Kull, 2017), the last decades have seen increased focus on urban ecology, especially on cities as centres of spread for alien species (Gaertner et al., 2017). This has likely amplified the oversampling of alien species in urban areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species data for understanding biodiversity dynamics: The what, where and when of species occurrence data collection

Petersen

Speed

Grøtan

et al. 2021

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. The availability and quantity of observational species occurrence records have greatly increased due to technological advancements and the rise of online portals, such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), coalescing occurrence records from multiple datasets. It is well-established that such records are biased in time, space and taxonomy, but whether these datasets differ in relation to origin have not been assessed. If biases are specific to different types of datasets, and the relative contribution from these datasets have changed over time, these shifting biases will have implications for interpretations of results and, consequentially, for management and conservation measures. 2. We examined observational GBIF records from Norway to test potential differences in taxonomic, time and land-cover biases between 10 different datasets, with a focus on red-listed and non-native species. 3. The datasets differ in their taxonomic coverage, with datasets dominated by citizen scientist recorders focusing greatly on birds. The number of records has increased over time; in particular, citizen science datasets have had a sharp increase in recent years. 4. The different datasets (including division of the datasets by conservation status) showed differences in geographical coverage. Anthropogenic land covers have more records than would be expected by chance in the majority of cases. Remote areas have fewer records than would be expected, underlining the prevalence of a roadside bias. 5. Accounting for biases in opportunistic species occurrence records need to be a dynamic rather than static process, as the taxonomic and geographical biases have changed over time and differ between datasets, depending on origin and inherent characteristics. Data-collection programmes should be designed to counteract the biases of the specific datasets, and methods to account for the biases in existing data should be developed. When utilizing compiled, open-source data, care must be taken to ensure complementarity between the datasets, both regarding time and space. Incorporating strengths and accounting for biases between datasets can strengthen the integration This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…Urban areas contain novel assemblages of species that inhabit small patches of native vegetation within artificial environments [25–28]. Within cities, remnant woodlands usually function as reservoirs for species that are otherwise not found throughout the urban landscape [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, human activities facilitate the introduction and establishment of non-native species into these isolated and highly-fragmented ecosystems [32]. Hence, these patches of native ecosystems within cities represent areas in which the impacts of exotic species might be exacerbated [25,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

This town ain't big enough for both of us…or is it? Spatial co-occurrence between exotic and native species in an urban reserve

et al. 2019

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Exotic species pose a threat to most ecosystems because of their potential to establish negative interactions with native biota. However, exotic species can also offer resources to native species, especially within highly modified environments such as urban ecosystems. We studied 17 exotic-native pairs of species with the potential to compete with one another, or in which one of the species could offer resources to the other, in an urban ecological reserve located within Mexico City. We used two-species occupancy models to analyze the potential association between the presence of the exotic species and the spatial distribution of the native species, as well as to assess if these species tend to avoid each other (negative spatial interaction) or to co-occur more often than expected under the hypothesis of independent occurrences (positive spatial interaction). Our results revealed few cases in which the exotic species influenced occupancy of the native species, and these spatial interactions were mainly positive, indicated by the fact that the occupancy of the native species was usually higher when the exotic species was also present. Seven of the eight observed non-independent patterns of co-occurrence were evident during the dry months of the year, when resources become scarce for most species. Our results also demonstrate that the observed patterns of species co-occurrence depend on the distance to the nearest urban structure and the amount of herb, shrub, and tree cover, indicating that these habitat features influence whether native species avoid or co-occur with exotic species. Our study represents an important contribution to the understanding of temporal dynamics in the co-occurrence between exotic and native species within urban ecological reserves.

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Invasion ecology goes to town: from disdain to sympathy

Cited by 20 publications

References 96 publications

Is ecology anti-urban? Urban ideas and imaginaries across one hundred years of ecological publications

Is ecology anti-urban? Urban ideas and imaginaries across one hundred years of ecological publications

Species data for understanding biodiversity dynamics: The what, where and when of species occurrence data collection

This town ain't big enough for both of us…or is it? Spatial co-occurrence between exotic and native species in an urban reserve

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