Invasion kinetics of human endothelial cells by Toxoplasma gondii RH and ME49 strains

Abstract

Background: India reportedly has 70% of the worldwide burden of Visceral Leishmaniasis(VL), with Bihar having 90% of reported cases. With the support of the RMRI, MSF has implemented a VL treatment project in Vaishali district, endemic for Leishmania donovani, using total dose 20mg/Kg liposomal amphotericin-B(L-AmB) as the first-line drug.Methods: Intravenous L-AmB(Ambisome) has been administered in four doses of 5mg/kg/doses to a total dose of 20mg/kg to all patients identified as primary VL over a period of 5 to 10 days depending on the severity of disease. All patients are routinely given comprehensive health education regarding VL and instructed to return immediately if any recurrence of symptoms occurred. The Excel based database of the project was analysed over a 4-year period from September 2007-December 2011. All immunocompetent patients readmitted with biopsy confirmed VL who had been previously treated for primary VL within the programme were identified, described and compared to the parameters of overall admissions of immunocompetent patients with primary VL within the same period.Results: 6435 immunocompetent primary VL patients were treated during the analysis period with 20mg/Kg LAmb. 80 of these patients re-presented with parasite confirmed relapses. This constituted a minimum of 1.2% of the overall treated, however passive

T. gondii Infection Acquired during Pregnancy and/or after Birth may be Responsible for Development of both Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…In addition, both HMEC-1 and HUVECs showed higher number of parasitic vacuoles per cell when infected by ME49 tachyzoites than by RH protozoan, i.e. ~ 30 vs. 20 at 4 hrs, respectively [779]. These differences may also partly be explained by various division rates of intracellular T. gondii tachyzoites documented in vitro in many primary human cells, including endothelial cells (Table 14).…”

“…Canedo-Solares et al [779] demonstrated that invasion of both human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by T. gondii RH and ME49 strains increased along with time. HMEC-1 cells were more susceptible to infection with the parasite than HUVECs, and ME49 parasites were faster than RH ones and this may be related to their ability to survive out of the cell and to the fact that T. gondii is more invasive during G1-S phase.…”