Invasion of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus salivarius in Early Caries Lesions of Gnotobiotic Rats (Short Communication)

Seppä, Liisa; Luoma, H; Forss, Helena; Spets-Happonen, Satu; Markkanen, S; Pelkonen, Kai

doi:10.1159/000261210

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…(1981) reported that L. salivarius isolates from human dental plaque could induce severe caries in the fissures of molars in germ‐free rats receiving either the glucose‐containing or sucrose‐containing diet. This cariogenic capacity was further supported by the findings that L. salivarius strains were more cariogenic than S. mutans Ingbritt in gnotobiotic rats (Seppa et al. , 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Lactobacillusspecies and genotypes associated with dental caries in Thai preschool children

Piwat

Teanpaisan

Thitasomakul

et al. 2010

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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Lactobacilli have been associated with the presence and progression of dental caries. Nevertheless, the relation between certain species or genotypes of Lactobacillus and caries is unclear and there are no data available for the Thai population. This study aimed to examine the distribution of species and genotypes of oral Lactobacillus among children with rather high caries prevalence, and to investigate whether certain species or genotypes were more related to caries activity than others. One hundred and sixty-five children were examined for caries status. Saliva samples were collected and the numbers of lactobacilli were counted. A total of 357 Lactobacillus isolates from 59 children were identified to species level by 16S ribosomal RNA genes polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -restriction fragment length polymorphism and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Furthermore, 304 isolates from 56 children were genotyped using arbitrarily primed PCR. Significant correlation was found between levels of lactobacilli and dental caries (P < 0.001). Among the 10 identified species of Lactobacillus, L. salivarius was more prevalent in children with moderate to high caries prevalence compared with children with low caries prevalence, while L. fermentum was the most predominant species in all study groups. Moreover, a genetic heterogeneity of Lactobacillus species was found among the children and those with high caries prevalence tended to be colonized with more than one clonal type. In summary, L. salivarius may be a putative caries pathogen among preschool Thai children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Lactobacillusspecies and genotypes associated with dental caries in Thai preschool children

Piwat

Teanpaisan

Thitasomakul

et al. 2010

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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“…The more plausible explanation for the re-appearance of the one strain in each subject is that it had survived the intensive chlorhexidine treatment by being located in one or more sites that were relatively inaccessible to the drug. Mutans streptococci are known to be able to inhabit poorly-accessible sites and to survive there for long periods of time despite seemingly poor nutritional conditions: In rats, they have been found under the relatively intact surfaces of early enamel caries lesions (Seppa et al, 1989), and in man, they have been shown to remain viable under fissure sealants for up to five years (Going et al, 1978). Survival in such a location, together with a very low rate of cell division, would be essential pre-requisites for the bacteria to remain undetectable for the prolonged periods in both plaque and saliva that we have observed to occur following thorough chlorhexidine varnish therapy (Sandham et al, 1988 kanamycin gel therapy) hypothesized that mutans streptococci in protected sites can survive thorough chemotherapy and subsequently grow out to re-colonize the plaque.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Strains of Mutans Streptococci Induced by Treatment with Chlorhexidine Varnish

et al. 1991

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Isolates of mutans streptococci were obtained from the dental plaque of ten subjects before and after the subjects had been free of detectable mutans streptococci for a mean period of 14.6 weeks (range, from two to 36 weeks). The mutans streptococci had been rendered undetectable by chlorhexidine varnish treatment. Examination of the restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) patterns of the isolates revealed that all ten subjects had one strain (REA type) after re-appearance of the mutans streptococci that was identical to one that had been present before the varnish treatment. In six of the ten subjects, only one strain was detected both before and after treatment. Each of the other four subjects appeared to gain a new strain after treatment; one of the four appeared to lose one strain, and another, four strains. The ability of strains to persist after the period of undetectability seemed unrelated to their resistance to chlorhexidine or to their ability to exhibit insoluble glucan-mediated adhesion. In the subjects harboring multiple REA types, one-seventh of the tooth surfaces sampled harbored two strains simultaneously, suggesting an inability of either strain to exclude the other aggressively. Overall, the study indicated that every subject receiving chlorhexidine varnish therapy had a primary strain of mutans streptococcus that re-emerged after treatment. In contrast, secondary strains were highly susceptible to being lost or gained.

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“…(), who found that L. salivarius strain LS1952R possesses an inherent cariogenic activity following adherence to the tooth surface in a rat model, and by those of Seppä et al . () who found that L. salivarius is even more cariogenic in a gnotobiotic rat model than Streptococcus mutans .…”

Section: Lactobacillus Salivarius Applications In Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Applications and safety considerations ofLactobacillus salivariusas a probiotic in animal and human health

2017

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SummaryThe goals of this review are to summarize the current knowledge on the application of Lactobacillus salivarius as a probiotic in animals and humans, and to address safety concerns with its use on live hosts. Overall, several strains of L. salivarius are well established probiotics with multiple applications in animal health, particularly to reduce colonization by gastrointestinal pathogens, and to a lesser extent, as a production and quality aid. In humans, L. salivarius has been used to prevent and treat a variety of chronic diseases, including asthma, cancer, atopic dermatitis and halitosis, and to a much limited extent, to prevent or treat infections. Based on the results from primary research evidence, it seems that L. salivarius does not pose a health risk to animals or humans in the doses currently used for a variety of applications; however, there is a systematic lack of studies assuring the safety of many of the strains intended for clinical use. This review provides researchers in the field with up-to-date information regarding applications and safety of L. salivarius. Furthermore, it helps researchers identify knowledge gaps and potential opportunities for microbiological and clinical research.

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Invasion of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus salivarius in Early Caries Lesions of Gnotobiotic Rats (Short Communication)

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Lactobacillusspecies and genotypes associated with dental caries in Thai preschool children

Lactobacillusspecies and genotypes associated with dental caries in Thai preschool children

Changes in Strains of Mutans Streptococci Induced by Treatment with Chlorhexidine Varnish

Applications and safety considerations ofLactobacillus salivariusas a probiotic in animal and human health

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