Invasion of the Cecal Mucosa of the Chicken by Sporozoites of Eimeria tenella

Pattillo, Walter H.

doi:10.2307/3274492

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In these species, although sporozoites first penetrate cells of the superficial epithelium, the first-generation schizonts develop in the enterocytes of the crypt to which the sporozoites are transported within host cells. It is now known that, in the case of E. tenella (Lawn & Rose, 1982) and E. necatrix (M. A. Fernando, personal communication), sporozoites make this journey within intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and not within macrophages as was previously believed (Van Doorninck & Becker, 1957;Challey & Burns, 1959;Pattillo, 1959). The exact nature and function of IEL are not known but they are thought to be T-lymphocytes capable of mediating cytotoxic reactions (Guy-Grand & Vassalli, 1982) and it is possible that they could be involved in immunity to Eimeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of immunity on the early events in the life-cycle ofEimeria tenellain the caecal mucosa of the chicken

1984

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SUMMARYA comparison was made between the early events (a sexual stages) in the life-cycle of Eimeria tenella in specifically immunized and control chickens. Particular attention was paid to the quantitative aspects and to the transport of sporozoites within intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) from the enterocytes of the surface epithelium to the enterocytes of the crypts. There was a moderate decrease in the number of parasites initially seen in the mucosa of the immune birds, suggesting that some of the effects of immunity are exerted before penetration of the surface enterocytes, but the reduction in the numbers of developing parasites was more marked. This latter effect was due, at least partly, to failure of transfer of sporozoites from IELs to crypt enterocytes. These findings are discussed in relation to the efficacy of the immunity induced.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of immunity on the early events in the life-cycle ofEimeria tenellain the caecal mucosa of the chicken

1984

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“…Although there have been reports that some Eimeria develop in mesodermal cells, most of them develop in epithelial cells (Long, 1973). In several species of Eimeria transport within the intestinal mucosa may occur in cells described as macrophages (Patillo, 1959;Van Doorninck & Becker, 1957;Challey & Burns, 1959) but development does not usually occur in these cells in vivo. reported the presence of spines attached to the parasitophorous vacuoles of second-generation schizonts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite–host relationships during the development of Eimeria dispersa Tyzzer 1929, in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) with a description of intestinal intra-epithelial leucocytes

Millard

Lawn

1982

Parasitology

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SUMMARYAn electron microscopical study was made on the development of Eimeria dispersa in the small intestine of the domestic turkey. Turkey poults, 10–14 days of age, were inoculated with oocysts and pieces of intestinal tissue were fixed at intervals between 3·5 and 114 h after inoculation. Sporozoites were occasionally seen in enterocytes but more often in ‘pale’ cells closely resembling lymphocytes. These cells were insinuated between enterocytes and in this study are referred to as intestinal intra-epithelial leucocytes (IEL). Maturation of the first-generation of schizogony occurred in this type of cell. Other generations of schizonts and gametogony occurred in epithelial cells and were characterized by the presence of ‘spines’ arranged around the parasitophorous vacuole extending into the cytoplasm of the host cell. A limited study of the parasite in the Bobwhite quail, Colinis virginianus, showed that development occurred in similar cells to those of the turkey. The ‘spines’, which were characteristic of later stages of E. dispersa in the turkey, were also present in this host and seemed to be a characteristic of E. dispersa, not of the host species.

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“…Whether immune phagocytosis plays a role in immunity to infection is not known but it would be reasonable to assume that it could do so provided that the conditions were suitable. Obviously, contact between cells and parasite is a prerequisite; the intestinal epithelium is fairly well supplied with macrophages and, in the case of E. tenella, E. necatrix, and E. acervulina, there is some evidence that sporozoites may be transported within macrophages to their developmental sites (3,5,7,15,24); therefore, contact between cells and parasite could occur readily in vivo. Sensitization of cells and/or parasites could be by circulating or by locally produced antibodies; local vascular permeability is increased at the time of infection, especially in immunized birds (11,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses in Infections with Coccidia: Macrophage Activity

Rose

1974

Infect Immun

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Peritoneal exudate cells from chickens immunized with two species of coccidia, Eimeria tenella or Eimeria maxima, were examined for their capacity to phagocytose stages of the parasite in vitro. True phagocytosis of the sporozoite stage is difficult to estimate because of its ability to invade cells, but may be evaluated by comparison with control suspensions. Peak activity (compared with cells from coccidia-free chickens) was found 3 to 5 weeks after the first inoulum of oocysts of E. tenella, and 1 week after the first inoculum of E. maxima-times which correspond to the onset of complete immunity to infection. Cells from coccidia-free chickens, in the presence of serum from birds immunized with E. tenella, phagocytosed sporozoites of E. tenella in a similar manner to cells from immunized birds. The immune serum had both cytophilic and opsonic adherence properties and the latter was species specific (for the two species tested).

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Invasion of the Cecal Mucosa of the Chicken by Sporozoites of Eimeria tenella

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of immunity on the early events in the life-cycle ofEimeria tenellain the caecal mucosa of the chicken

The effect of immunity on the early events in the life-cycle ofEimeria tenellain the caecal mucosa of the chicken

Parasite–host relationships during the development of Eimeria dispersa Tyzzer 1929, in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) with a description of intestinal intra-epithelial leucocytes

Immune Responses in Infections with Coccidia: Macrophage Activity

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