Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Head of a Boreal Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Alberta, Canada

Congenital and Neoplastic Cranial Deformities in Wild Giraffe (Giraffa spp.)

“…Known causes of neoplasia include pathogen-linked chronic inflammation, low genetic diversity, direct cell transformation, transmissible tumors, toxins, and endocrine disrupting compounds (Masden et al 2017; Pesavento et al 2018). In wild ungulates, reported cases of cranial neoplasia have included osteochondroma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (Williams et al 1989; Foreyt et al 1991; Slater et al 2022). Documenting abnormalities in wildlife as indicators for potential trends in ecosystem health is critical.…”