Invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant recipients: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in 116 cases

Abstract

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) in liver transplant recipients is associated with grave outcomes. We reviewed 116 individual cases reported in the literature from 1985 to 2013. IA was diagnosed after a median of 25 days after transplantation and involved a single organ in 51% of the cases, whereas in the remaining cases, multiple sites were involved. The most common infecting Aspergillus species were Aspergillus fumigatus (73%), Aspergillus flavus (14%), and Aspergillus terreus (8%). Amphotericin B was the drug most frequently used, and it was followed by voriconazole and itraconazole. Combination regimens were used in 51% of the cases. The overall 1-year cumulative survival probability was 35% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5 24.6%-49.6%]. Survival was significantly higher for patients reported from the year 2000 and thereafter (P < 0.001), for those diagnosed with IA more than 30 days after transplantation versus those diagnosed earlier (P 5 0.019), and for patients without renal failure (P 5 0.020). Additionally, the use of voriconazole was significantly associated with a higher probability of survival (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that subjects with the involvement of multiple sites had a 2.52 times higher risk of a negative outcome (95% CI 5 1.08-5.87) than those with the involvement of a single site. Thus, IA causes life-threatening infections in liver transplant recipients. Predictors associated with poor outcomes may help clinicians to optimize the management of this infection.

Concomitant presence of Aspergillus fumigatus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the respiratory tract: a new risk for patients with liver disease?

“…All of the seven patients with liver disease suffered from invasive aspergillosis, which reflected their immunocompromised status and the presence of additional risk factors for S. maltophilia colonization, such as antibiotic therapy. As such, those seven patients are at risk of infections precipitated by the significant impairment of the neutrophil defence mechanism, frequent use of corticosteroids and invasive procedures, and malnutrition (Panasiuk et al, 2005;Cheruvattath & Balan, 2007;Falcone et al, 2011;Fishman, 2011;Barchiesi et al, 2015). However, to the best of our knowledge, our study is the first description of an association between co-infection by A. fumigatus and S. maltophilia and patients with liver disease.…”

Epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes of invasive aspergillosis in solid organ transplant recipients in the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study

“…With the exception of lung transplant recipients, invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a relatively rare complication in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTr), albeit associated with poor outcomes . Multicenter cohorts have provided valuable information in the field, but with several inherent limitations .…”

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis accompanied by soft tissue lesions during treatment of a patient with hyperthyroidism: a

“…Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common agent for Aspergillus infection in humans, accounting for 70-80% of these infections [14]. Aspergillus fumigatus spores are widely distributed in the environment.…”