“…Invasive H. influenzae disease is also much more common in children from Northern Canada, including Nunavut, than in the whole province of Ontario, illustrated by recently reported incidence rates of 195.15/100,000 versus 10.17/100,000 for <1-year old, respectively [ 19 , 20 ]. Moreover, the serotype distribution of invasive H. influenzae isolates differs strikingly between the regions, with Hia greatly offsetting NTHi in the North (60.5% Hia and 17.8% NTHi), in contrast to Ontario where NTHi predominates (8.9% Hia and 74.2%, NTHi) [ 19 , 20 ]. In Ontario children <1 year of age, in 2014–2018, the incidence rates of invasive disease caused by Hia and NTHi were 2.79/100,000 and 5.85/100,000, respectively [ 20 ].…”