Invasive brain–machine interfaces: a survey of paralyzed patients’ attitudes, knowledge and methods of information retrieval

Lahr, Jacob; Schwartz, Christina; Heimbach, Bernhard; Aertsen, Ad; Rickert, Jörn; Ball, Tonio

doi:10.1088/1741-2560/12/4/043001

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although in the current study there was some agreement for the enhance, supplement and restore scenarios, with the statement The currently available hardware is cosmetically unappealing, this was not the case for replace, improve and research tool. For the statement The end-user image is stigmatized by the majority of paralyzed patients have a positive attitude towards implanted BCIs [15][16][17], especially if such a system were wireless [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The brain-computer interface researcher’s questionnaire: from research to application

Vansteensel

Kristo

Aarnoutse

et al. 2017

Brain-Computer Interfaces

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Over the last decades, the brain-computer interface (BCI) research field has seen steep progress and now recognizes several types of applications, each with its own target population. Despite this evolution, BCIs seem to remain a research application, and are hardly used in daily life at home, work or in the clinic. Therefore, as a field, we need to take the next step and make sure that we develop BCIs that can, and will, be used outside the laboratory. To this purpose, BCI researchers worldwide were approached by email with the request to fill out a questionnaire, aimed at laying out the near and far future of the BCI field. We show that researchers are quite optimistic about the feasibility of having BCIs applied in real life. Also, we identify the hurdles that need to be taken before these applications become commercial products and the research activities required to accomplish this.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies involving both healthy and disabled users, however, have found that 50-80% of the interviewed potential users were aware of BCIs before they completed the respective surveys [10,16,17]. Although it is conceivable that participants (i.e.…”

Section: Near Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

The brain-computer interface researcher’s questionnaire: from research to application

Vansteensel

Kristo

Aarnoutse

et al. 2017

Brain-Computer Interfaces

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“…Implantable stimulation and recording devices have received significant attention in biomedical engineering and have brought great success in the treatment of central nervous system disorders including paralysis, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease . In order to achieve chronic functionality and integration with surrounding tissue, material functionalization strategies have been employed to provide chemical and physicomechanical properties analogous to neural tissues, with an ultimate goal of mitigating electrode deterioration via reactive host cell response and glial scar‐induced encapsulation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuated Glial Reactivity on Topographically Functionalized Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):P‐Toluene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PTS) Neuroelectrodes Fabricated by Microimprint Lithography

Vallejo-Giraldo

Krukiewicz

Calaresu

et al. 2018

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Following implantation, neuroelectrode functionality is susceptible to deterioration via reactive host cell response and glial scar-induced encapsulation. Within the neuroengineering community, there is a consensus that the induction of selective adhesion and regulated cellular interaction at the tissue-electrode interface can significantly enhance device interfacing and functionality in vivo. In particular, topographical modification holds promise for the development of functionalized neural interfaces to mediate initial cell adhesion and the subsequent evolution of gliosis, minimizing the onset of a proinflammatory glial phenotype, to provide long-term stability. Herein, a low-temperature microimprint-lithography technique for the development of micro-topographically functionalized neuroelectrode interfaces in electrodeposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):p-toluene sulfonate (PEDOT:PTS) is described and assessed in vitro. Platinum (Pt) microelectrodes are subjected to electrodeposition of a PEDOT:PTS microcoating, which is subsequently topographically functionalized with an ordered array of micropits, inducing a significant reduction in electrode electrical impedance and an increase in charge storage capacity. Furthermore, topographically functionalized electrodes reduce the adhesion of reactive astrocytes in vitro, evident from morphological changes in cell area, focal adhesion formation, and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine factors. This study contributes to the understanding of gliosis in complex primary mixed cell cultures, and describes the role of micro-topographically modified neural interfaces in the development of stable microelectrode interfaces.

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“…Such tasks are typically unrelated to the current activity and their use imposes additional mental load and decreases the fluency of BCI use. Invasive BCIs are promising, but high risks and costs associated with brain surgery require further efforts to make this technology acceptable even for severely paralyzed patients (Lahr et al, 2015; Bowsher et al, 2016; Waldert, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG Negativity in Fixations Used for Gaze-Based Control: Toward Converting Intentions into Actions with an Eye-Brain-Computer Interface

et al. 2016

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We usually look at an object when we are going to manipulate it. Thus, eye tracking can be used to communicate intended actions. An effective human-machine interface, however, should be able to differentiate intentional and spontaneous eye movements. We report an electroencephalogram (EEG) marker that differentiates gaze fixations used for control from spontaneous fixations involved in visual exploration. Eight healthy participants played a game with their eye movements only. Their gaze-synchronized EEG data (fixation-related potentials, FRPs) were collected during game's control-on and control-off conditions. A slow negative wave with a maximum in the parietooccipital region was present in each participant's averaged FRPs in the control-on conditions and was absent or had much lower amplitude in the control-off condition. This wave was similar but not identical to stimulus-preceding negativity, a slow negative wave that can be observed during feedback expectation. Classification of intentional vs. spontaneous fixations was based on amplitude features from 13 EEG channels using 300 ms length segments free from electrooculogram contamination (200–500 ms relative to the fixation onset). For the first fixations in the fixation triplets required to make moves in the game, classified against control-off data, a committee of greedy classifiers provided 0.90 ± 0.07 specificity and 0.38 ± 0.14 sensitivity. Similar (slightly lower) results were obtained for the shrinkage Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) classifier. The second and third fixations in the triplets were classified at lower rate. We expect that, with improved feature sets and classifiers, a hybrid dwell-based Eye-Brain-Computer Interface (EBCI) can be built using the FRP difference between the intended and spontaneous fixations. If this direction of BCI development will be successful, such a multimodal interface may improve the fluency of interaction and can possibly become the basis for a new input device for paralyzed and healthy users, the EBCI “Wish Mouse.”

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Invasive brain–machine interfaces: a survey of paralyzed patients’ attitudes, knowledge and methods of information retrieval

Abstract: Websites tailored to prospective BMI users should be further developed to provide reliable information to patients, and also to help to link prospective BMI users with researchers involved in the development of BMI technology.

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

The brain-computer interface researcher’s questionnaire: from research to application

The brain-computer interface researcher’s questionnaire: from research to application

Attenuated Glial Reactivity on Topographically Functionalized Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):P‐Toluene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PTS) Neuroelectrodes Fabricated by Microimprint Lithography

EEG Negativity in Fixations Used for Gaze-Based Control: Toward Converting Intentions into Actions with an Eye-Brain-Computer Interface

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