Invasive Fungal Infections Among Immunocompromised Patients in Critical Care Settings

Riley, May Mei-Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.cnc.2021.07.002

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Fungal infections manifest in various clinical forms, each with a different severity range, including superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, mucosal, and systemic infections. Some fungi that are a part of the microbiota, such as Candida spp, can transform into opportunistic pathogens affecting people who are immunocompromised, including those with HIV, patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy, and people on immunosuppressive medications [2][3][4][5][6]. In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) aimed to draw attention to the significance of combating fungal infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-Indian Clinical Registry of Invasive Fungal Infections Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Protocol for a Multicentric Prospective Study

Ojha,

Albert,

Sharma

et al. 2024

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Fungal infections are now a great public health threat, especially in those with underlying risk factors such as neutropenia, diabetes, high-dose steroid treatment, cancer chemotherapy, prolonged intensive care unit stay, and so on, which can lead to mycoses with higher mortality rates. The rates of these infections have been steadily increasing over the past 2 decades due to the increasing population of patients who are immunocompromised. However, the data regarding the exact burden of such infection are still not available from India. Therefore, this registry was initiated to collate systematic data on invasive fungal infections (IFIs) across the country. Objective The primary aim of this study is to create a multicenter digital clinical registry and monitor trends of IFIs and emerging fungal diseases, as well as early signals of any potential fungal outbreak in any region. The registry will also capture information on the antifungal resistance patterns and the contribution of fungal infections on overall morbidity and inpatient mortality across various conditions. Methods This multicenter, prospective, noninterventional observational study will be conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research through a web-based data collection method from 8 Advanced Mycology Diagnostic and Research Centers across the country. Data on age, gender, clinical signs and symptoms, date of admission, date of discharge or death, diagnostic tests performed, identified pathogen details, antifungal susceptibility testing, outcome, and so on will be obtained from hospital records. Descriptive and multivariate statistical methods will be applied to investigate clinical manifestations, risk variables, and treatment outcomes. Results These Advanced Mycology Diagnostic and Research Centers are expected to find the hidden cases of fungal infections in the intensive care unit setting. The study will facilitate the enhancement of the precision of fungal infection diagnosis and prompt treatment modalities in response to antifungal drug sensitivity tests. This registry will improve our understanding of IFIs, support evidence-based clinical decision-making ability, and encourage public health policies and actions. Conclusions Fungal diseases are a neglected public health problem. Fewer diagnostic facilities, scanty published data, and increased vulnerable patient groups make the situation worse. This is the first systematic clinical registry of IFIs in India. Data generated from this registry will increase our understanding related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of fungal diseases in India by addressing pertinent gaps in mycology. This initiative will ensure a visible impact on public health in the country. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/54672

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-Indian Clinical Registry of Invasive Fungal Infections Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Protocol for a Multicentric Prospective Study

Ojha,

Albert,

Sharma

et al. 2024

JMIR Res Protoc

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“…The commensalism relation between the host and Candida species bases immune status for both innate and adaptive immune systems [4]. The status of the immune system is key to developing fungal infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Candida aaseri in Oral Cavity of Immunocompromised Patients

Rashak,

Al-Maqtoofi,

Burghal

2024

AJOB

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The impaired human immune system, resulting from diabetes mellitus, can lead to the transition of Candida from a commensal to a pathogenic status, causing oral fungal infections. Candida aaseri is a dimorphic yeast with lipolytic activity which has not been previously reported in clinical infections. This study reports an extremely rare oral fungal infection associated with C. aaseri in a patient with type II diabetes mellitus. The patient, a 42-year-old female with diabetes mellitus type II from Basrah, Iraq, was and identified with a fungal oral infection. Swab samples were collected from the patient's oral cavity for microbial investigation and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) at 37°C for 48 hours. The results revealed pure yeast growth. Blue colonies were observed on CHROMagar Candida. The genomic DNA of the isolated yeast was extracted for molecular-level diagnosis, utilizing the mRNA gene's internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. C. aaseri was the sole yeast species identified in this clinical case. Anti-fungal sensitivity tests indicated that C. aaseri was sensitive to Nystatin, Posaconazole, and Fluconazole while exhibiting significant resistance to Colistin Sulfate. This study represents the first global report of isolating C. aaseri from an oral infection in an immunocompromised patient.

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“…However, immunocompromised patients are always at high risk as employment of immunosuppressive drugs in clinical settings and advent of HIV patients are important factors for increased number of immunocompromised individuals. 8,9 Fungal pathogens can be categorized into primary and opportunistic, where primary fungi are responsible for invasive fungal infections in healthy individuals, and opportunistic pathogens only affect immunodeficient individuals. 10 Five different antifungal classes, including azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, allylamines, and antimetabolites, are commonly prescribed to manage topical to systemic fungal infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in membrane targeting antifungal agents to mitigate antifungal resistance

Mehta¹,

Saini²,

Bajaj³

2023

RSC Med. Chem.

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Invasive Fungal Infections Among Immunocompromised Patients in Critical Care Settings

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Pan-Indian Clinical Registry of Invasive Fungal Infections Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Protocol for a Multicentric Prospective Study

Pan-Indian Clinical Registry of Invasive Fungal Infections Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Protocol for a Multicentric Prospective Study

Molecular Detection of Candida aaseri in Oral Cavity of Immunocompromised Patients

Recent developments in membrane targeting antifungal agents to mitigate antifungal resistance

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