Invasive neotropical pathogens of tree crops.

Evans, H. C.; Watling, R.; Frankland, Juliet C.; Ainsworth, A. Martyn; Isaac, Sheeba Rebecca; Robinson, Clare H.

doi:10.1079/9780851995434.0083

Cited by 33 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Cacao was promoted as a crop for the new colonists. This caused considerable anxiety among cacao producers in Bahia since increased cacao production in the Amazon basin would increase the likelihood that witches' broom would spread to Bahia (Evans, 2002). Obviously, these misgivings were warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of molecular diversity in Crinipellis perniciosa with AFLP markers

et al. 2005

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Crinipellis perniciosa causes a serious disease of cacao known as witches' broom (WB). Heritable resistance to witches' broom has been used in cacao improvement programs. 'SCA6' and 'SCA12' are highly resistant and are the most commonly used parents in the breeding schemes. However, SCA hybrids are not resistant to witches' broom in all production areas. Presumably, different populations of C. perniciosa cause these variable responses. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to assess variation and population structure in this pathogen. We examined 40 isolates of C. perniciosa and one isolate of Melanotus subcuneiformis. Nine of 64 primer pairs produced consistent and informative DNA amplification, and were used to screen all isolates. Fifteen haplotypes (AFLP fingerprints) were detected with 186 polymorphic markers. Cluster analysis grouped isolates of the C biotype (pathogenic on cacao) from Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Trinidad together in a major cluster that was distinct from isolates of the S biotype (pathogenic on solanaceous hosts) and M. subcuneiformis. Isolates of the C biotype were divided further into well supported, country-specific groups. Segregation of AFLP alleles was not observed among basidiospore isolates from the same basidiome, broom, tree or field, supporting previous reports that the fungus did not outcross. The results corroborated prior conclusions that C. perniciosa was probably introduced into the Bahia state of Brazil from the Amazon basin. Representative isolates from the genetically distinct groups that were revealed will be used to examine pathogenic specialization in C. perniciosa and differential responses that have been reported in 'SCA6'-derived germplasm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same region, C. perniciosa is presumed to have co-evolved with its cacao host (Purdy and Schmidt, 1996;Evans, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of molecular diversity in Crinipellis perniciosa with AFLP markers

et al. 2005

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“…(36). The appearance of frosty pod rot led to rapid production losses of at least 50% and the abandonment of cacao farming in many affected areas.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal and Oomycete Diseases of Tropical Tree Fruit Crops

Drenth

Guest

2016

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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The tropics produce a range of fruit from tree crops that cannot be grown in colder climates. Bananas, mangos, several nuts, spices, coffee, and cacao are widely traded and much sought after around the world. However, the sustainable production of these tropical tree fruit crops faces significant challenges. Among these, losses due to pests and diseases play a large part in reducing yields, quality, and profitability. Using bananas and cacao as key examples, we outline some of the reasons fungal and oomycete diseases cause such significant losses to tropical tree crops. Cultivation of monocultures derived from limited genetic diversity, environmental conditions conducive for disease development, high levels of disease incidence and severity, a lack of disease resistance in planting materials, shortages of labor, and inadequate infrastructure and investment pose significant challenges, especially for smallholder producers. The expansion of travel and trade has given rise to emerging infectious plant diseases that add further insecurity and pressure. We conclude that holistic actions are needed on multiple fronts to address the growing problem of disease in tropical fruit tree crops.

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“…El agua es el principal componente para la germinación de las esporas, y a veces el único sustrato necesario para iniciarla [58]. La alta temperatura y humedad que caracterizan las áreas tropicales en las que se cultiva T. cacao, favorecen el inicio y desarrollo de la enfermedad [59], permitiendo que este patógeno pueda reproducirse y diseminarse durante todo el año [53,54].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified