Invasive Non-typhoidal Salmonella Sepsis in Top-up Fed Five-Month-Old Infant: Case Report

Abstract

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are generally associated with self-limiting gastrointestinal disease, often acquired through the ingestion of contaminated food and it seldom requires antimicrobial therapy for treatment. Extra-intestinal manifestations could be localised infection leading to septic arthritis, osteomyelitis. In complicated invasive disease, there could be bronchopneumonia with or without bacteraemia leading to mortality. Invasive NTS infections are infrequently reported in India. The S. Typhimurium is one of the common serovars associated with invasive disease and its virulence factors are responsible for causing the disease. S. enteridies, S. Dublin are the other serovars which are commonly responsible for invasive NTS infection. It is difficult to diagnose invasive disease without appropriate bacteriological culture based method. With emergence to resistance to antimicrobials the treatment of this condition is also becoming challenging. In this case report, a five-month-old infant presented with cough fever, stuffed nose dyspnoea and was diagnosed as bronchopneumonia. Mechanical ventilation was required for five days along with admission to intensive care unit. Invasive NTS infection was diagnosed using automated blood culture and the child responded to intravenous antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Salmonella Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis in Children

“…Ingestion of cow`s milk, meat, and meat products and fortified foods can cause Salmonella infections in infants on breastfeeding. It can spread from reptiles and amphibians [10].…”