Invasive Prosopis juliflora replacing the Native Floral Community over three decades: a case study of a World Heritage Site, Keoladeo National Park, India

Mukherjee, Aditi; Velankar, Avadhoot D.

doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1392-y

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Prosopis species largely benefit from seed dispersal by domestic animals via dung pellets, improving seed germination and seedling performance and leading to higher life expectancy (Miranda et al, 2011(Miranda et al, , 2014Razanamandranto et al, 2004). Seeds deposited on the soil surface without manure had the worse seedling performance and survival in our focal landscape; similar to that documented across a variety of habitats and biotas (Babawi, Campbell & Mayer, 2016;Mukherjee, Velankar & Kumara, 2017). Prosopis juliflora as an invasive plant species benefiting from dispersal services offered by exotic animals is far from novel, with a number of examples for species of this genus (Abbas, Mancilla-Leytón & Castillo, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Moreover, soil differs across habitats, through which P. juliflora has been documented to exhibit extreme variations in establishment and stand density in the Caatinga dry forest (Bailis & McCarthy, 2011). Prosopis juliflora stands have been reported with densities as high as 140.39 stems per ha across flooding plains and alluvial deposits at the Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan, India (Mukherjee, Velankar & Kumara, 2017) and in Tamil Nadu, India (Gandhi & Pandian, 2014). Such dense monospecific stands suggest soil conditions and seedling ecology as potential key drivers for this invasive species as previously documented for other regions in which Prosopsis species are invasive (Ansley, Zhang & Cooper, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive speciesProsopis juliflora(Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest

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Tavares³

et al. 2020

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Background Biological invasion is one of the main threats to tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC. (Fabales: Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) was introduced in the Caatinga dry forest of Northeast Brazil at early 1940s and successfully spread across the region. As other invasive species, it may benefit from the soils and seed dispersal by livestock. Here we examine how seed dispersal ecology and soil conditions collectively affect seed germination, early seedling performance and consequently the P. juliflora invasive potential. Methods Seed germination, early seedling survival, life expectancy and soil attributes were examined in 10 plots located across three habitats (flooding plain, alluvial terrace and plateau) into a human-modified landscape of the Caatinga dry forest (a total of 12,000 seeds). Seeds were exposed to four seed dispersal methods: deposition on the soil surface, burial in the soil, passed through cattle (Boss taurus) digestive tracts and mixed with cattle manure and passed through mule (Equus africanus asinus × Equus ferus caballus) digestive tracts and mixed with mule manure. Seeds and seedlings were monitored through a year and their performance examined with expectancy tables. Results Soils differed among habitats, particularly its nutrient availability, texture and water with finely-textured and more fertile soils in the flooding plain. Total seed germination was relatively low (14.5%), with the highest score among seeds buried in the flooding plain (47.4 ± 25.3%). Seed dispersal by cattle and mule also positively impacted seed germination. Early seedling survival rate of P. juliflora was dramatically reduced with few seedlings still alive elapsed a year. Survival rate was highest in the first 30 days and declined between 30 and 60 days with stabilization at 70 days after germination in all seed treatments and habitats. However, survival and life expectancy were higher in the flooding plain at 75 days and lower in the plateau. Prosopis juliflora seedling survival and life expectancy were higher in the case seeds were mixed with cattle manure. Synthesis Prosopis juliflora seeds and seedlings are sensitive to water stress and habitat desiccation. Therefore, they benefit from the humid soils often present across human-disturbed flooding plains. This plant also benefits from seed deposition/dispersal by livestock in these landscapes, since cattle manure represents a nutrient-rich and humid substrate for both seeds and seedlings. The quality of the seed dispersal service varies among livestock species, but this key mutualism between exotic species is due to the arillate, hard-coated and palatable seeds. Prosopis juliflora traits allow this species to take multiple benefits from human presence and thus operating as a human commensal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive speciesProsopis juliflora(Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest

Nascimento

Leal

Tavares³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…IAS threaten the outstanding values of PAs and WHS by impacting on biodiversity and the delivery of ecosystem services (e.g. García Murillo et al 2007;Jäger et al 2009;Dawson et al 2014;Mukherjee et al 2017). IAS are also a financial burden, as costs for IAS management can be extremely high (van Wilgen et al 2016;Shackleton et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Introduction of ornamental plants in lodges and staff villages has led to biological invasions in many PAs (Foxcroft et al 2008). In Keoladeo, the purposeful introduction of P. juliflora to provide provisioning services to local communities has become a major issue (Mukherjee et al 2017), and the same mistake was repeated more recently by introducing Clarias gariepinus to promote aquaculture (Supplementary file 2). The Kakadu site is threatened by natural dispersal of Rhinella marina from other areas (Kearney et al 2008) and Galapagos faces major challenges from stowaways and transport contaminants (Toral-Granda et al 2017) to a greater extent than other island protected areas like Aldabra (Supplementary file 2).…”

Section: A Standardised Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism For Biologmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological invasions in World Heritage Sites: current status and a proposed monitoring and reporting framework

et al. 2020

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UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) are areas of outstanding universal value and conservation importance. They are, however, threatened by a variety of global change drivers, including biological invasions. We assessed the current status of biological invasions and their management in 241 natural and mixed WHS globally by reviewing documents collated by UNESCO and IUCN. We found that reports on the status of biological invasions in WHS were often irregular or inconsistent. Therefore, while some reports were very informative, they were hard to compare because no systematic method of reporting was followed. Our review revealed that almost 300 different invasive alien species (IAS) were considered as a threat to just over half of all WHS. Information on IAS management undertaken in WHS was available for fewer than half of the sites that listed IAS as a threat. There is clearly a need for an improved monitoring and reporting system for biological invasions in WHS and likely the same for other protected areas globally. To address this issue, we developed a new framework to guide monitoring and reporting of IAS in protected areas building on globally accepted standards for IAS assessments, and tested it on seven WHS. The framework requires the collation of information and reporting on pathways, alien species presence, impacts, and management, the estimation of future threats and management needs, assessments of knowledge and gaps, and, using all of this information allows for an overall threat score to be assigned to the protected area. This new framework should help to improve monitoring of IAS in protected areas moving forward.

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“…The antagonistic influence of P. juliflora on the growth of other native species (Table 5) highlighted interesting and important ecological considerations for landscape management of the heritage site. Previous researchers have reported on the invasive capacity of P. juliflora that was able to displace and even eliminate native species [47,48]. Despite tolerance to the harsh environment of the Dry Zone, native woody and succulent plants might be allelopathically affected by some exudates of P. juliflora, which could inhibit the emergence of native plants.…”

Section: Scrub Vegetation Canopy Coverage Against Subzonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation Conditions in Sacred Compounds at Myanmar’s Bagan Cultural Heritage Site

Aung

Shibata

2019

Heritage

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Scrub vegetation encroaches into the proximity of many monuments at Myanmar’s Bagan Cultural Heritage Site, as can be seen at many other monuments on the world. The extensiveness of scrub vegetation can interfere with the integrity of the cultural landscape when ignored by site management. The current study examined how significant the occurrence of scrub vegetation might be, quantifying the canopy coverage with relative occupancy of other components in the sacred compounds. The sacred compounds in Bagan enclose religious monuments in environments classified as farmland, monastic residences, accessways, shrub-hosting areas, and scrub vegetation. The coverage of scrub vegetation was more than a quarter of the area of sacred compounds, whereas that of shrub-hosting patches was about half. The other components occupied less than one-fifth of the area. The associated occurrence of scrub vegetation indicated the invasion of alien species from the drier hinterland to the riverside of Ayeyarwady. While such a situation reveals site management as a priority, the presence of cultivated farmland in the vicinity of monuments represented suppression of weedy growth that may later facilitate the occurrence of scrub-type plants. This study suggests cultivation as a reasonable practice for the integrity of the cultural landscape and safeguarding the monuments in Bagan.

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Invasive Prosopis juliflora replacing the Native Floral Community over three decades: a case study of a World Heritage Site, Keoladeo National Park, India

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive speciesProsopis juliflora(Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest

Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive speciesProsopis juliflora(Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest

Biological invasions in World Heritage Sites: current status and a proposed monitoring and reporting framework

Vegetation Conditions in Sacred Compounds at Myanmar’s Bagan Cultural Heritage Site

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