Invasive species interact with climatic variability to reduce success of natives

LaForgia, Marina; Harrison, Susan; Latimer, Andrew M.

doi:10.1002/ecy.3022

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Adaptation to precipitation may be mediated in ways that our analyses did not capture. For example, populations may be adapted to the seasonal timing of precipitation [30] or how precipitation conditions amplify other abiotic or biotic pressures, such as competition [31] or wildfire [32]. Alternatively, if precipitation has been historically more variable than temperature, populations may have evolved broader tolerance to precipitation deviations than to temperature deviations [33, 34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate warming weakens local adaptation

Bontrager

Muir

Mahony

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Anthropogenic climate change is generating mismatches between the environmental conditions that populations historically experienced and those in which they reside. Understanding how climate change affects population performance is a critical scientific challenge. We combine a quantitative synthesis of field transplant experiments with a novel statistical approach based in evolutionary theory to quantify the effects of temperature and precipitation variability on population performance. We find that species' average performance is affected by both temperature and precipitation, but populations show signs of local adaptation to temperature only. Contemporary responses to temperature are strongly shaped by the local climates under which populations evolved, resulting in performance declines when temperatures deviate from historic conditions. Adaptation to other local environmental factors is strong, but temperature deviations as small as 2°C erode the advantage that these non-climatic adaptations historically gave populations in their home sites.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate warming weakens local adaptation

Bontrager

Muir

Mahony

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This limited effect of live grass likely resulted in part from the study taking place during a wet year, which may have alleviated competition for water between invasive grasses and native forbs. During a drought year, the effects of live grass on acquisitives may be amplified relative to conservatives, such as was found under experimental drought (LaForgia et al 2020). The wet year may have also played a role in responses to the presence of litter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Gray. Each species' resource acquisition strategy was previously characterized by measuring relative growth rate (RGR) and water use efficiency (WUE) on individuals from naturally occurring populations (LaForgia et al 2020). Relative growth rate was measured by parameterizing a standard nonlinear growth model on leaf area accumulation over time on two individuals per species monthly in the field (Paine et al 2012).…”

Section: Grass and Litter Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is already some evidence to suggest that invaders disproportionately affect resource-acquisitive natives over resource-conservative natives. For instance, as acquisitive natives and invaders both rely on fast resource acquisition, competitively dominant invaders may have stronger negative effects on these functionally similar, but competitively inferior species (Fargione et al 2003;Emery 2007;Cleland et al 2013;LaForgia et al 2020). Conservative natives, on the other hand, may be less sensitive to invaders due to niche partitioning driven by differences in resource acquisition strategies that promote their coexistence (Fargione and Tilman 2005;MacDougall et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of invasive annual grasses and their litter vary by native functional strategy

LaForgia

2021

Biol Invasions

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Invasive species may act as a functional filter on native communities by differentially affecting species with different trait values. Across environments, invasive plants typically display traits associated with high resource acquisition and fast growth. Conversely, native plants, especially those in water-limited environments, tend to adopt one of two functional strategies: fast growth during high resource availability to avoid stress (resource-acquisitive), or slow growth during resource-poor conditions to tolerate stress (resource-conservative). While invasive competition can be a strong filter on these groups, many invaders also alter the structure of native communities through their accumulation of litter. How fast-growing invaders with litter shift native functional communities remains unknown. To elucidate these functional shifts, I manipulated invasive annual grasses and their litter in an annual grassland and followed the demographic rates of six native annual forb species that varied in their functional strategy. Live grass competition alone decreased per capita growth rates of resource-acquisitive natives and had no effect on resource-conservative natives. The presence of litter, however, decreased growth rates in both functional types of natives, with stronger declines in resource-acquisitive species through differential effects on seed set and germination. Invaders in this system thus create an unfavorable environment for natives through litter, limiting the capacity of both resource-acquisitive and resource-conservative native forbs to maintain high population growth. These findings suggest that grass invasions have the potential to dramatically shift the functional composition of native communities through the time-lagged effects of their litter.

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“…Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of invasive plants to adjust their phenotype along environmental gradients and is important for supporting population persistence and continued spread across elevations ( Alexander et al 2016 ). Invasive plants usually demonstrate higher phenotypic plasticity compared to native species, which has been linked to their expansions in variable environmental conditions ( Davidson et al 2011 ; LaForgia et al 2020 ). Phenotypic plasticity is typically important when environmental conditions are highly variable because it allows plants to acclimate within a relatively short timescale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dispersal-related traits of an invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata correlate with elevation during range expansion into mountain ranges

et al. 2021

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Detecting shifts in trait values among populations of an invasive plant is important for assessing invasion risks and predicting future spread. Although a growing number of studies suggest that the dispersal propensity of invasive plants increases during range expansion, there has been relatively little attention paid to dispersal patterns along elevational gradients. In this study, we tested the differentiation of dispersal-related traits in an invasive plant, Galinsoga quadriradiata, across populations at different elevations in the Qinling and Bashan Mountains in central China. Seed mass–area ratio (MAR), an important seed dispersal-related trait, of 45 populations from along an elevational gradient were measured, and genetic variation of 23 populations were quantified using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Individuals from four populations were then planted in a greenhouse to compare their performance under shared conditions. Changing patterns of seed dispersal-related traits and populations genetic diversity along elevation were tested using linear regression. MAR of G. quadriradiata increased, while genetic diversity decreased with elevation in the field survey. In the greenhouse, populations of G. quadriradiata sourced from different elevations showed a difference response of MAR. These results suggest that although rapid evolution may contribute to the range expansion of G. quadriradiata in mountain ranges, dispersal-related traits will also likely be affected by phenotypic plasticity. This challenges the common argument that dispersal ability of invasive plants increases along dispersal routes. Furthermore, our results suggest that high-altitude populations would be more effective at seed dispersal once they continue to expand their range downslope on the other side. Our experiment provides novel evidence that the spread of these high-altitude populations may be more likely than previously theorized and that they should thus be cautiously monitored.

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Invasive species interact with climatic variability to reduce success of natives

Cited by 31 publications

References 79 publications

Climate warming weakens local adaptation

Climate warming weakens local adaptation

Impacts of invasive annual grasses and their litter vary by native functional strategy

The dispersal-related traits of an invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata correlate with elevation during range expansion into mountain ranges

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