Invasive vascular plants of California

Rejmánek, Marcel; Thomsen, Craig D.; Peters, I.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511525544.011

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Based on the ratio of naturalized species to global species per family, the importance of Euphorbiaceae and Cactaceae emerged. Each of these families has around 650-750 species, but the over-representation of these two families suggests that they are especially successful in China (Rejmánek et al 1991) and deserve further attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of plant invasions in China: Taxonomic, biogeographic, climatic approaches and anthropogenic effects

Sun

Teng

et al. 2009

Biol Invasions

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This study was aimed to determine the patterns as well as the effects of biological, anthropogenic, and climatic factors on plant invasions in China. About 270 volumes of national and regional floras were employed to compile a naturalized flora of China. Habit, life form, origin, distribution, and uses of naturalized plants were also analyzed to determine patterns on invasion. Correlations between biological, anthropogenic and climatic parameters were estimated at province and regional scales. Naturalized species represent 1% of the flora of China. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae are the dominant families, but Euphorbiaceae and Cactaceae have the largest ratios of naturalized species to their global numbers. Oenothera, Euphorbia, and Crotalaria were the dominant genera. Around 50% of exotic species were introduced intentionally for medicinal purposes. Most of the naturalized species originated in tropical America, followed by Asia and Europe. Number of naturalized species was significantly correlated to the number of native species/log area. The intensity of plant invasion showed a pattern along climate zones from mesic to xeric, declining with decreasing temperature and precipitation across the nation. Anthropogenic factor, such as distance of transportation, was significantly correlated to plant 123Biol Invasions (2010( ) 12:2179( -2206( DOI 10.1007 invasions at a regional scale. Although anthropogenic factors were largely responsible for creating opportunities for exotic species to spread and establish, the local biodiversity and climate factors were the major factors shaping the pattern of plant invasions in China. The warm regions, which are the hot spots of local biodiversity, and relatively developed areas of China, furthermore, require immediate attentions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of plant invasions in China: Taxonomic, biogeographic, climatic approaches and anthropogenic effects

Sun

Teng

et al. 2009

Biol Invasions

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“…It is well known that several African grasses are extremely successful in the American tropics (Daubenmire 1972;Parsons 1972). In some disturbed areas, their success is comparable only with the success of plants introduced from the Mediterranean Basin to California (Baker 1978;Rejmanek et al 1991). One of the most invasive African grasses -Melinis minutiflora Beauv.…”

Section: Global Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Richness and Resistance to Invasions

1996

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“…Genetic differences between introduced populations and putative native source populations of plant species have been reported at the level of allozymes (Schwaegerle and Schaal 1979;Brown and Marshall 1981;Barrett and Shore 1989;Rejmanek et al 1991;Novak and Mack 1993), DNA markers (Rejmanek et al 1991), phenotypic traits (Wagner 1983;Glover and Barrett 1987;Olivieri et al 1991), and mating systems (Glover and Barrett 1986;Bailey 1994), but genetic differentiation for specific ecological traits important in interspecific interactions has rarely been investigated in introduced plant populations (but see Jain and Martins 1979;Olivieri 1984;Blossey and Notzöld 1995). An ecological character of particular interest in introduced plant populations is response to herbivory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced herbivore resistance in introduced smooth cordgrass ( Spartina alterniflora ) after a century of herbivore-free growth

1997

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We compared resistance to insect herbivory in two introduced populations of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) differing in their history of herbivory. One population in Willapa Bay, Washington, has spread in the absence of herbivory for more than a century, while another population in San Francisco, California, was introduced 20 years ago and is fed upon by the Spartina-specialist planthopper, Prokelisia marginata. The planthopper is a sap-feeder common on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America, where smooth cordgrass is native. Smooth cordgrass plants from Willapa Bay (WB), San Francisco Bay (SFB), and Maryland (the source of the SFB introduction) were exposed to P. marginata herbivory over two consecutive summers in a common greenhouse environment, and their growth was compared with that of control plants that were grown herbivore-free. The planthoppers had relatively little effect on the growth of SFB plants, with plants exposed to herbivores averaging 77% and 83% of the aboveground biomass of herbivore-free controls after the first and second season of herbivory, respectively. The growth of plants from Maryland was similarly little-affected by the planthoppers, with the plants exposed to herbivores averaging near 100% of the biomass of herbivore-free controls after two seasons. In contrast, the growth of the WB plants was greatly reduced by the planthopper, with the plants exposed to planthopper herbivory averaging only 30% and 12% of the aboveground biomass of herbivore-free controls after the first and second seasons of herbivory, respectively. By the end of the second season of herbivory, 37% of the WB plants exposed to herbivory had died, while none of the SFB plants exposed to herbivores had died. Among WB clones, there was variation in resistance; one WB clone suffered 0% mortality while another suffered 100% mortality when exposed to herbivores. Short-term herbivory experiments with the putative founder clone for the WB population suggested that the WB founder was similar to the more resistant WB clones in its susceptibility to planthopper herbivory. Nitrogen analyses of green leaf tissue indicated that WB plants, including the WB founder clone, averaged 70% more total leaf nitrogen than SFB and Maryland plants. In a planthopper choice experiment, more planthoppers were observed on WB plants than SFB plants after 95 days of exposure to herbivory. Planthopper preference for WB plants may have contributed to the lower resistance of WB plants to herbivory; however, even before planthoppers had become more abundant on the WB plants, the proportion of leaves with 50% or more dead tissue averaged significantly greater on the WB plants, suggesting a difference between populations in tolerance to herbivory as well. Multiple factors, including a founder effect, further loss of herbivore tolerance, and herbivore preference for WB plants, appear to account for the reduced planthopper resistance in the WB population.

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Invasive vascular plants of California

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Patterns of plant invasions in China: Taxonomic, biogeographic, climatic approaches and anthropogenic effects

Patterns of plant invasions in China: Taxonomic, biogeographic, climatic approaches and anthropogenic effects

Species Richness and Resistance to Invasions

Reduced herbivore resistance in introduced smooth cordgrass ( Spartina alterniflora ) after a century of herbivore-free growth

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