Invasive wild boar in Argentina: using protected areas as a research platform to determine distribution, impacts and management

Ballari, Sebastián A.; Cuevas, M. Fernanda; Cirignoli, Sebastián; Valenzuela, Alejandro E. J.

doi:10.1007/s10530-014-0818-7

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We expect that given the range of available habitats 18 , high reproduction rates with an average of 6 young per female and apparently continuous breeding 37 , and the overall absence of national and provincial management plans and control efforts wild pigs are expected to continue to expand exponentially over the next decade at least. This is consistent with the rapid expansion of wild pig populations in the United States 38,16 and most other areas of their native and introduced range 39,40,41 . Many areas in Canada are susceptible to wild pig expansion, especially those that are comprised of ample, energy-rich food resources from agriculture crops 10 , forest cover 42 , relatively low predator densities 42 , and repeated introduction/re-introduction events 19 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Evaluating Cost-Effective Methods for Rapid and Repeatable National Scale Detection and Mapping of Invasive Species Spread

Kost

Brook

2018

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Invasive species can spread rapidly at local and national scales, creating significant environmental and economic impacts. A central problem in mitigation efforts is identifying methods that can rapidly detect invasive species in a cost-effective and repeatable manner. This challenge is particularly acute for species that can spread over large areas (>1 million km 2 ). Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most prolific invasive mammals on Earth and cause extensive damage to agricultural crops, native ecosystems, and livestock, and are reservoirs of disease.They have spread from their native range in Eurasia and North Africa into large areas of Australia, Africa, South America, and North America. We show that the range of invasive wild pigs has increased exponentially in Canada over the last 30 years following initial and ongoing releases and escapes from domestic wild boar farms. We evaluate eight different methods for mapping invasive species over large areas and assess their benefits and limitations. Our findings effectively map the spread of a highly invasive large mammal and demonstrate that management efforts should ideally rely on a set of complementary independent monitoring methods. Mapping and evaluating resulting species occurrences provide baseline maps against which future changes can be rapidly evaluated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Evaluating Cost-Effective Methods for Rapid and Repeatable National Scale Detection and Mapping of Invasive Species Spread

Kost

Brook

2018

Preprint

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“…Although it prefers broadleaved forests in its native range, wild boar also occurs be found in more open habitats such as steppe, Mediterranean shrubland, and farmland provided there is water and tree cover nearby [ 21 – 23 ]. The capacity of wild boars to colonize different habitats and become an invasive species is due not only to their general habitat requirements, but also its biological characteristics, like the high reproduction rate, omnivorous diet, and behavioral plasticity [ 24 – 26 ]. Their ecological plasticity together with the growing urbanization process have allowed wild boars to colonize urban and periurban areas, increasing the risks associated with its presence and becoming a big concern for the government and managers [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer habitat use and activity patterns of wild boar Sus scrofa in rangelands of central Argentina

et al. 2018

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Biological invasions are one of the main components of human-caused global change and their negative impact on invaded ecosystems have long been recognized. Invasive mammals, in particular, can threaten native biodiversity and cause economic impacts in the region where they are introduced, often through a wide range of conflicts with humans. Although the wild boar, Sus scrofa, is considered by the IUCN as one of the 100 invasive species most damaging to biodiversity in the world, in Argentina there have only been a few studies focused on its ecology with most of them conducted in protected areas. In this study, we evaluated the effect of several factors related with human disturbance, landscape composition, degree of fragmentation and the presence of a potential competitor and a predator on the habitat use of wild boar using data from camera traps and site-occupancy modeling. Additionally, we described the daily activity pattern of the species and we studied the level of overlap with both a potential competitor and a predator. The sampling effort totaled 7,054 camera trap days. Farm density, proportion of shrubland and proportion of grassland with bushes were the detection variables included in the most supported model whereas proportion of grassland and capture rate of the Pampas fox Lycalopex gymnocercus were the occupancy variables included in the most supported model. However, the proportion of grassland was the only variable that showed statistically significant support in the averaged model, indicating that habitat use of wild boar in this area was significantly negatively affected by the level of grass cover. Wild boars were mostly nocturnal, with more activity between 21:00 and 3:00 and a peak around midnight. Wild boars showed a high level of overlap with the activity pattern of the Pampas fox and a low overlap with the activity pattern of the puma Puma concolor. Despite wild boar being introduced in Argentina a few decades ago, this study is the first landscape-scale research carried out in an agricultural landscape in Argentina and the first one based on camera-trapping data. Our study contributes valuable information that could be used to design strategies to reduce wild boar population or to minimize the damage caused by this invasive species in Argentina.

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“…, Ballari et al. ). For this reason, Flueck () has called for caution regarding the introduction of the Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus to Argentina, and similarly, Valenzuela et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Understanding trends in biological invasions by introduced mammals in southern South America: a review of research and management

2016

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1.Invasive introduced mammals (IIMs) have ecological and social dimensions that require holistic research to integrate academic disciplines with basic and applied sciences. 2. We assessed current knowledge of IIMs to determine trends in their study and management in southern South America. 3. A keyword search was used to select indexed papers in the Web of Science. These were reviewed to assess each study's objective, methodology, country, publication year, and taxa. Unpublished 'grey' literature was added to evaluate further each species' native range, year of introduction, the reason for its introduction, its distribution, dispersal pathways, impacts, and management. 4. Most of the 190 peer-reviewed publications were focused on autecology and impacts of IIMs; less than 4% addressed management or social topics. Twentythree IIMs have been documented in the study area. The southern Magellanic subpolar forest was the most invaded ecoregion (17 spp.), and the most studied orders, from 440 records in 190 papers, were Artiodactyla (35%) and Rodentia (28%). Together, livestock and commensals brought during early European colonisation constituted 44% of this assemblage, but hunting was the major reason behind the introduction of IIMs (30%). 5. To enhance policies and institutional frameworks pertaining to biological invasions, we highlight the importance of: 1) recognising the presence and spread of IIMs in 'pristine' or protected areas; 2) improving controls to prevent new introductions and escapes; 3) including social and cultural aspects of biological invasions in research and management plans; 4) reinforcing hunting regulations; 5) establishing long-term programmes to monitor distribution and dispersion; 6) creating mechanisms for scientists and managers to co-produce research and policy programmes oriented towards applied issues; 7) developing pilot management projects in critical areas; 8) achieving societal involvement in management programmes to ensure public acceptance; and 9) developing prioritisation tools, as resources needed to manage IIMs are often limited.

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Invasive wild boar in Argentina: using protected areas as a research platform to determine distribution, impacts and management

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

Evaluating Cost-Effective Methods for Rapid and Repeatable National Scale Detection and Mapping of Invasive Species Spread

Evaluating Cost-Effective Methods for Rapid and Repeatable National Scale Detection and Mapping of Invasive Species Spread

Summer habitat use and activity patterns of wild boar Sus scrofa in rangelands of central Argentina

Understanding trends in biological invasions by introduced mammals in southern South America: a review of research and management

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