Inventor networks in emerging key technologies: information technology vs. semiconductors

Abstract

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Public research intensity and the structure of German R&D networks: a comparison of 10 technologies

“…These authors argue that differences in the underlying knowledge bases of industries relate to the density of their knowledge networks. Similarly, Graf (2009) puts forward that characteristics of the search process determine the interaction structure and therefore the evolution of innovation networks.…”

Bridging technologies in the regional knowledge space: measurement and evolution

“…In our case, we are mostly interested in the pervasiveness and innovational complementarities; the former creates new combinations between GPTs and previously unrelated technological fields while the latter induce the innovative activities of the connected technologies in the KS. This happens when the costs to generate further advances in the mainstream technology are too high, so that new opportunities to connect previously unrelated fields become economically attractive (Malerba & Orsenigo, 1997;Graf, 2012).…”

“…We define bridging technologies based on two alternative concepts of centrality of a technology (node) within the KS (Graf, 2012). In the first approach, we define BTs as those technologies that serve as catalysts in the KS network by being connected to many other technologies (degree centrality).…”

“…A possible expectation is that a key technology will hold a central position in the KS. This can affect the improvement (new inventions) of the other technologies connected to this main node (Graf, 2012).…”

Design of low loss at high frequency and integrated scanning microwave probe gripper

“…With the development of semiconductor technology, 1) chips continue to develop in the direction of miniaturization, high density, and high frequencies. 2) The traditional atomic force microscopy (AFM) no longer meet the new testing needs, and scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) based on AFM is developed.…”