Inventory of African desert dust events over the southwestern Iberian Peninsula in 2000–2005 with an AERONET Cimel Sun photometer

Toledano, Carlos; Cachorro, Victoria E.; Baraja, Angel Máximo de Frutos; Sorribas, M.; Prats, Natalia; Morena, B. A. de la

doi:10.1029/2006jd008307

Cited by 110 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…4 (less negative in winter and more negative in summer). Also, a secondary maximum is observed in spring, being consistent with ARF values and observations reported for other stations of the Iberian Peninsula (Estellés et al, 2007;Toledano et al, 2007;Obregón et al, 2012;Esteve et al, 2014). Fig.…”

Section: Aerosol Radiative Forcingsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…These high AOD values during the summer months can be explained by a combination of several factors such as Saharan dust intrusions and forest fires, being the latter associated with high temperatures, very low atmospheric relative humidity and lack of precipitation. The arrival of air masses from the Saharan region transporting desert-dust aerosols constitutes a substantial source of aerosols, affecting the southwestern Iberian Peninsula generally in summer (Toledano et al, 2007). This fact is confirmed by the low α values observed in August (Fig.…”

Section: Aerosol Radiative Forcingsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…In August, the low α values together with high AOD load, indicate the intrusion of dust from North Africa. Other studies have reported a similar seasonal pattern of AOD and α at other locations within the Iberian Peninsula, such as El Arenosillo (Cachorro et al, 2005;Toledano et al, 2007), Boecillo (Cachorro et al, 2000), and Cáceres (Obregón et al, 2015c). As it can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Aerosol Radiative Forcingsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Thirteen Years of Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

Muñoz

Costa

Silva

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Notable uncertainties in the aerosol impact on the Earth's radiative budget still remain, mainly at local scales. This study aims to accurately quantify the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and its efficiency (ARFE) at Évora (Portugal, Southwestern Europe). This is an interesting region affected by different aerosol types and sources. Towards this goal, ARF and ARFE are calculated for Évora during thirteen years (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), which is the longest period ever analyzed for this region. For this calculation, the most updated AERONET data have been used to simulate irradiance with the libRadtran code. Thus, 1676 daily values were analyzed, obtaining a mean ARF of -7.4 W m -2 at the Earth's surface (SURF) and -1.1 W m -2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), indicating a cooling of the Earth-atmosphere system. The difference in ARF between TOA and SURF indicates a mean net gain of 6.3 W m -2 for the atmosphere. While no ARF seasonal pattern is observed at the TOA, a clear seasonal cycle is detected at the SURF with the most negative values occurring in summer. On the other hand, ARFE shows mean values of -62.7 W m -2 τ -1 at the SURF and -14.3 W m -2 τ -1 at the TOA. Results show that ARFE highly depends on the aerosol single scattering albedo, showing opposite behavior at the SURF and at the TOA. The large temporal variability detected in the aerosol properties in the region of study confirms the general need for long time series of measurements to achieve an accurate estimation of the ARF and ARFE.

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Section: Aerosol Radiative Forcingsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Aerosol Radiative Forcingsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Aerosol Radiative Forcingsupporting

confidence: 62%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thirteen Years of Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

Muñoz

Costa

Silva

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…These episodes are: (i) desert dust (e.g. Dayan et al, 1991;Moulin et al, 1997a;Tsidulko et al, 2002;Kubilay et al, 2003;Papayannis et al, 2005;Kalivitis et al, 2007;Toledano et al, 2007;Meloni et al, 2008), (ii) fine pollution aerosols (Kukkonen et al, 2005;Ladstätter-Weißenmayer et al, 2007;Sciare et al, 2008), (iii) forest fires Niemi et al, 2005;Pace et al, 2005), and (iv) sea-salt aerosols (Marenco et al, 2007). Nevertheless, most of these studies either focus on episodes of specific aerosol types or they refer to the local scale only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synoptic conditions favouring the occurrence of aerosol episodes over the broader Mediterranean basin

Gkikas

Houssos

Hatzianastassiou

et al. 2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…Moulin et al, 1998;Guerrero-Rascado et al, 2009;Rémy et al, 2015) and ground retrievals (e.g. Kubilay et al, 2003;Toledano et al, 2007) or by surface PM 10 measurements (e.g. Rodríguez et al, 2001;Querol et al, 2009;Pey et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct radiative effects during intense Mediterranean desert dust outbreaks

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The direct radiative effect (DRE) during 20 intense and widespread dust outbreaks, which affected the broader Mediterranean basin over the period March 2000-February 2013, has been calculated with the NMMB-MONARCH model at regional (Sahara and European continent) and shortterm temporal (84 h) scales. According to model simulations, the maximum dust aerosol optical depths (AODs) range from ∼ 2.5 to ∼ 5.5 among the identified cases. At midday, dust outbreaks locally induce a NET (shortwave plus longwave) strong atmospheric warming (DRE ATM values up to 285 W m −2 ; Niger-Chad; dust AODs up to ∼ 5.5) and a strong surface cooling (DRE NETSURF values down to −337 W m −2 ), whereas they strongly reduce the downward radiation at the ground level (DRE SURF values down to −589 W m −2 over the Eastern Mediterranean, for extremely high dust AODs, 4.5-5). During night-time, reverse effects of smaller magnitude are found. At the top of the atmosphere (TOA), positive (planetary warming) DREs up to 85 W m −2 are found over highly reflective surfaces (Niger-Chad; dust AODs up to ∼ 5.5) while negative (planetary cooling) DREs down to −184 W m −2 (Eastern Mediterranean; dust AODs 4.5-5) are computed over dark surfaces at noon. Dust outbreaks significantly affect the mean regional radiation budget, with NET DREs ranging from −8.5 to 0.5 W m −2 , from −31.6 to 2.1 W m −2 , from −22.2 to 2.2 W m −2 and from −1.7 to 20.4 W m −2 for TOA, SURF, NETSURF and ATM, respectively. Although the shortwave DREs are larger than the longwave ones, the latter are comparable or even larger at TOA, particularly over the Sahara at midday. As a response to the strong surface day-time cooling, dust outbreaks cause a reduction in the regional sensible and latent heat fluxes by up to 45 and 4 W m −2 , respectively, averaged over land areas of the simulation domain. Dust outbreaks reduce the temperature at 2 m by up to 4 K during day-time, whereas a reverse tendency of similar magnitude is found during nighttime. Depending on the vertical distribution of dust loads and time, mineral particles heat (cool) the atmosphere by up to 0.9 K (0.8 K) during day-time (night-time) within atmospheric dust layers. Beneath and above the dust clouds, mineral particles cool (warm) the atmosphere by up to 1.3 K (1.2 K) at noon (night-time). On a regional mean basis, negative feedbacks on the total emitted dust (reduced by 19.5 %) and dust AOD (reduced by 6.9 %) are found when dust interacts with the radiation. Through the consideration of dust radiative effects in numerical simulations, the model positive and negative biases for the downward surface SW or LW radiation, respectively, with respect to Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) measurements, are reduced. In addition, they also reduce the model near-surface (at 2 m) nocturnal cold biases by up to 0.5 K (regional averages), as well as the model warm biases at 950 and 700 hPa, where the dust concentration is maximized, by up to 0.4 K. However, improvements are relatively small and do not happen in all ...

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Inventory of African desert dust events over the southwestern Iberian Peninsula in 2000–2005 with an AERONET Cimel Sun photometer

Cited by 110 publications

References 60 publications

Thirteen Years of Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

Thirteen Years of Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

Synoptic conditions favouring the occurrence of aerosol episodes over the broader Mediterranean basin

Direct radiative effects during intense Mediterranean desert dust outbreaks

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