Inventory of black carbon and organic carbon emissions from China

Cao, Guoliang; Zhang, Xiaoye; Zheng, Fang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.070

Cited by 367 publications

(334 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…If 371 Gg is deducted from the BC emission inventory by Ohara et al (14), China may be less than India for BC emissions, and this trend will be more obvious in 2020. On the other side, household coal combustion was estimated to be the dominant contributor (about 40%) of total BC emissions from China (1049 to 1396 Gg in 2000) (14)(15)(16), but its contribution is less than 10% according to our calculation. Therefore, on the basis of the EF BC data set from experimental measurements, our studies may decrease some uncertainties in previous BC emission estimates from China.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Household coal combustion also contributed a large proportion of OC emissions in China (4,(14)(15)(16), and some organic compounds in coal smoke may be responsible for the notable lung-cancer mortality in Xuanwei, Yunnan Province,(18,19) and the high esophagealcancer rate in Linxian, Henan Province (20). Unfortunately, there are still limited experimentally derived data about emission factors of BC and OC (EF BC and EF OC ) in China, especially from household coal combustion, and this has resulted in high uncertainties in the estimates of carbonaceous emissions as well as difficulties in determining the best mitigation strategies (4,(14)(15)(16)(17)21).EF BC and EF OC for household coal burning in China have been shown to be very difficult to measure experimentally (22-27). There are many factors which affect the formation of carbonaceous aerosols in coal smoke.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measurements of Black and Organic Carbon Emission Factors for Household Coal Combustion in China: Implication for Emission Reduction

Chen

Zhi

Feng

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

141

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Household coal combustion is considered as the greatest emission source for black carbon (BC) and an important source for organic carbon (OC) in China. However, measurements on BC and OC emission factors (EF BC and EF OC ) are still scarce, which result in large uncertainties in emission estimates. In this study, a detailed data set of EF BC and EF OC for household coal burning was presented on the basis of 38 coal/stove combination experiments. These experiments included 13 coals with a wide coverage of geological maturity which were tested in honeycomb-coal-briquette and raw-coal-chunk forms in three typical coal stoves. Averaged values of EF BC are 0.004 and 0.007 g/kg for anthracite in briquette and chunk forms and 0.09 and 3.05 g/kg for bituminous coal, respectively; EF OC are 0.06 and 0.10 g/kg for anthracite and 3.74 and 5.50 g/kg for bituminous coal in both forms, respectively. Coal maturity was found to be the most important influencing factor relative to coal's burning forms and the stove's burning efficiency, and when medium-volatile bituminous coals (MVB) are excluded from use, averaged EF BC and EF OC for bituminous coal decrease by 50% and 30%, respectively. According to these EFs, China's BC and OC emissions from the household sector in 2000 were 94 and 244 gigagrams (Gg), respectively. Compared with previous BC emission estimates for this sector (e.g., 465 Gg by Ohara et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2007, 7, 4419-4444), a dramatic decrease was observed and was mainly attributed to the update of EFs. As suggested by this study, if MVB is prohibited as household fuel together with further promotion of briquettes, BC and OC emissions in this sector will be reduced by 80% and 34%, respectively, and then carbonaceous emissions can be controlled to a large extent in China. IntroductionCarbonaceous aerosols have generated wide concern in recent years due to their significant impacts on global and regional climate changes together with negative effects on the environment and human health (e.g., refs 1-3). Carbonaceous aerosols are mainly derived from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels, and can be simply divided into black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) fractions (4). Most concern about BC aerosol is due to its strong solar absorptivity, which contributes to global warming by increasing the top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing and decreasing the surface albedo of snow and ice, etc (5-7). Furthermore, BC aerosols reduce atmospheric visibility, damage the appearance of buildings, and do harm to human health by deeply penetrating into the lungs (3,8,9). OC has the optical property of mainly scattering solar radiation, but its ratio to BC affects the radiative property of BC (10). A large number of studies on OC have focused on their adverse effects on public health, because it contains hundreds of organic compounds and many species are toxic and carcinogenic (11).BC emissions from China have caught great attention since Menon et al. (12) suggested the relationship between the increased BC aero...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Black and Organic Carbon Emission Factors for Household Coal Combustion in China: Implication for Emission Reduction

Chen

Zhi

Feng

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, they were lower than the result of 33.0% of TOC for the river sediment in the Pearl River, 41.0% of TOC for the pond sediment in Guangzhou, China (Song et al 2002). Cao et al (2006) reported a detailed organic carbon (OC) and BC aerosols emissions in China. In their study, total emissions were 37.4 Gg OC and 14.4 Gg BC in Tianjin where the three streams of this study are located.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Partitioning and sources of PAHs in wastewater receiving streams of Tianjin, China

Liu

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) partitioning among dissolved phase, suspended particulate matter, pore water, and sediment was studied in one moderately contaminated river (Yongding New River) and two highly contaminated drainage canals (South Drainage Canal and North Drainage Canal) of Tianjin, China. PAHs concentrations in sediment (ranged from 0.2 to 195 μg/g) showed positive relations with both total organic carbon contents (ranged from 0.7% to 31.1%, dw) and black carbon contents (ranged from 0.1% to 2.1%, dw) in the sediments. Moreover, most of the measured organic carbon normalized partition coefficients of PAHs in the three streams were 0.76 to 1.54 log units higher than the predicted values. These indicated that strong and nonlinear sorption

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“…Ambient particulate matter (PM), specially in urban and highly industrialized areas, contains an important fraction of carbonaceous materials (Cao et al 2006, Dan et al 2004, Meng et al 2007. Atmospheric particulate carbon is comprised of a complex mixture of substances containing carbon atoms, in two fractions; organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of Carbonaceous Aerosols During Winter Months in the Dhaka City

Begum

Roy

Islam

et al. 2012

J Bangladesh Acad Sci

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Air particulate matter samples were collected using Air Metrics samplers from 11 -17 January and 19 -27 January, 2012 at Amin Bazar and Farm Gate sites, respectively. The sampling time was from 8 a.m. -4 p.m. Three samplers were used of which two samplers were for PM 2.5 samples, using Teflon and quartz filters and the others for PM 10 samples using Teflon filter. Organic and elemental carbons (OC and EC) were measured in PM 2.5 samples at both sites. It has been found that the EC concentration at Amin Bazar is higher than in Farm Gate. The contribution of EC may come from diesel, gasoline and coal/wood combustions in the Amin Bazar site. The present OC/EC data were compared with the previous data. It was found that the concentration of EC became higher than those in the previous year. During last couple of years, Government implemented different policies specially in case of motor vehicles to improve the air quality. But due to the use of diesel in quick rental power plants, the air quality start to deteriorate. BC plays an important role to change the climate. Hence, government should think of alternatives to meet the power demand in place of diesel.

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Inventory of black carbon and organic carbon emissions from China

Cited by 367 publications

References 38 publications

Measurements of Black and Organic Carbon Emission Factors for Household Coal Combustion in China: Implication for Emission Reduction

Measurements of Black and Organic Carbon Emission Factors for Household Coal Combustion in China: Implication for Emission Reduction

Partitioning and sources of PAHs in wastewater receiving streams of Tianjin, China

Source Identification of Carbonaceous Aerosols During Winter Months in the Dhaka City

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