Inventory Policies for Public Pharmaceutical Distribution in Zambia: Improving Availability and Geographic Access Equity for Essential Medicines

Gallien, Jérémie; Leung, Ngai-Hang Zachary; Yadav, Prashant

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3072362

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Other references providing contextual information and data about global health supply chains include Yadav (2007), which discusses long and unpredictable PLTs for essential commodities in Zambia and their relation to drug stockouts; and Gallien et al. (2016), which contains a detailed case study of the public distribution of pharmaceuticals in Zambia and presents related datasets and a validated simulation model.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

National Drug Stockout Risks and the Global Fund Disbursement Process for Procurement

Gallien

Rashkova

Atun

et al. 2017

Production and Operations Management

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Despite substantial financial aid from international donors for procurement of health products, stockouts of life‐saving drugs related to prevalent infectious diseases are still widespread in Africa. Rigorous research to understand the underlying causes of these stockouts is lacking. To this end, we study the relationship between The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and its grant recipients. Specifically, we leverage historical fund disbursement and drug procurement data from 2002 to 2013 to build a discrete‐event simulation model predicting the joint impact of procurement and grant disbursement processes on national drug availability for the Global Fund's recipient countries in Africa. This model is validated against cumulative stockout levels inferred from historical grant implementation lengths, and used to evaluate potential high‐level modifications in the disbursement or procurement process. Results show the existence of significant intrinsic stockout risks in most African countries, with particularly high levels in East Africa, due to the unpredictability of fund disbursements and the frequency of grant performance monitoring performed by the Global Fund. Interventions shifting some fund disbursements upfront to protect against disbursement timing uncertainty are predicted to be more effective than others that include regional buffer stocks and bridge financing.

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Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

National Drug Stockout Risks and the Global Fund Disbursement Process for Procurement

Gallien

Rashkova

Atun

et al. 2017

Production and Operations Management

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“…18 According to Gallien the inventory control problem associated with the distribution of essential medicines in Zambia involves seasonality and uncertainty in both demand and leadtimes, heterogeneous delivery locations, and lost sales. 19 The Kenya Medical Supplies Agency (KEMSA) is the sole supplier of all pharmaceuticals and other medical products for the 3,936 facilities in the public health sector in the country with an annual budget of roughly 10 billion Kenyan Shillings, KEMSA supplies all public facilities in the country with medicine, non-pharmaceutical supply, and medical equipment free of charge. 20 In Nyeri County, respiratory tract infections (RTIs), diarrheal diseases, skin diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and peptic ulcer disease account for the most prevalent in hospital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of consumption patterns for essential medicines: a study of the Nyeri county referral hospital

Murigi¹,

Ng'ethe²,

Nderitu³

et al. 2021

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Nyeri is one of the pilot Universal Health Coverage roll-out counties aimed at guaranteeing healthcare service access to all households in the region by 2022. The aim of the study was to provide management insights into ways of optimizing pharmaceutical management to ensure essential medicine are consumed by majority of population in need by 2022.Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques.Results: Amoxicillin had the highest (751,000) consumption over the study period. Other essential medicines with high consumption include paracetamol (432,000), metformin (280,264) and enalapril (111,800). The most cited reason for stock-outs was limited allocation of budget for medicines, a point that was mentioned by eight of the ten respondents.Conclusions: The study concludes that the stock-out frequency for essential medicines at the Nyeri County Referral Hospital is high. The frequent and persistent stock-out frequency for essential medicines is a problem considering the high consumption for essential medicines.

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Inventory Policies for Public Pharmaceutical Distribution in Zambia: Improving Availability and Geographic Access Equity for Essential Medicines

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

National Drug Stockout Risks and the Global Fund Disbursement Process for Procurement

National Drug Stockout Risks and the Global Fund Disbursement Process for Procurement

Assessment of consumption patterns for essential medicines: a study of the Nyeri county referral hospital

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