“…Considerable progress was made in the experimental realization of such states in all the above mentioned areas, in particular in electronic systems (see refs. [] and references therein), where such states were introduced initially, mechanical systems, where tunable phononic topological insulators have been designed using geometrically induced effects of spin–orbit coupling,, acoustics, cold atoms in optical lattices, atomic Bose–Einstein condensates, and most notably in optical systems (see ref. []), including gyromagnetic photonic crystals, semiconductor quantum wells, arrays of coupled resonators, metamaterial superlattices, and helical waveguide arrays .…”