“…These values were cited from Chen and Liu [26]. Because the effects of the process noise covariance, measurement noise covariance, and forgetting factor had been investigated in [26], the present study selected the values of the process noise covariance, measurement noise covariance, and forgetting factor as Q = 10, r = 10 À3 , and c = 0.925, respectively. For stable convergence of the numerical solution, the time-stepping parameter was set to be h = 1, that is, the fully implicit scheme was adopted.…”